Download Portage BIOD 210 Genetics Module 7 Exam with accurate detailed answers and more Exams Genetics in PDF only on Docsity!
Portage |! Genetics |! Module |! 7 |! Exam |!
with |! accurate |! detailed |! answers
What |! is |! cancer? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Genetic |! diseases |! that |! cause |! mutations |! in |! somatic |! cell 2 |! clauses |! of |! mutations |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! mutations |! result |! in |! expression |! of |! abnormal |! genes
- |! mutations |! result |! in |! abnormal |! expression |! of |! normal |! genes uncontrolled, |! abnormal |! cell |! growth |! and |! division |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔proliferation defects |! in |! restraints |! that |! keep |! cancer |! cells |! localized |! to |! a |! certain |! part |! of |! the |! body |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔metastasis what |! type |! of |! tumor |! can |! grow |! if |! there |! is |! proliferation |! but |! no |! metastasis |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔benign
what |! type |! of |! tumor |! can |! grow |! if |! there |! is |! proliferation |! + |! metastasis |! and |! another |! tumor |! starts |! growing |! in |! a |! dif |! location? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔malignant refers |! to |! the |! fact |! that |! a |! singe |! cell |! is |! responsible |! for |! the |! origin |! of |! cancer |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔clonal What |! causes |! Chronic |! Myelogenous |! Leukemia? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Philadelphia |! chromosome |! (translocation |! of |! chromosomes |! 9 |! and |!
Translocation |! from |! normal |! chromosome |! 9 |! onto |! normal |! chromosome |! 22 |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔philadelphia |! chromosome what |! 2 |! genes |! are |! involved |! in |! Philadelphia |! chromosome/ |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔C-ABL |! (kinase) BCR --> |! creates |! BCR |! ABL |! and |! ABL |! is |! constantly |! on |! in |! mutated |! form
- |! thousands |! of |! these |! mutations |! occur
- |! usually |! develop |! due |! to |! inability |! of |! cancer |! cell |! to |! repair |! its |! own |! DNA
- |! dont |! heavily |! contribute |! to |! phenotype
- |! extremely |! varied |! cell |! to |! cell |! in |! individual |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔passenger |! mutation
What |! is |! the |! third |! stage |! of |! colon |! cancer |! and |! what |! now |! has |! ability |! to |! travel |! and |! turns |! into |! malignant |! cancer |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔More |! genes |! mutated Carcinoma 3 |! drivers |! of |! cancer |! development |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Inability |! to:
- |! control |! cell |! death
- |! control |! cell |! growth
- |! REPAIR |! DNA G1/S |! Checkpoint |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔cell |! monitors |! size |! and |! DNA |! integrity S |! phase |! of |! cell |! cycle |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔DNA |! replication G2/M |! Checkpoint |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔cell |! monitors |! DNA |! synthesis |! and |! damage M |! Checkpoint |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔cell |! monitors |! spindle |! formation |! and |! attachment |! to |! kinetochores G0 |! (quiescence) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔the |! cell |! is |! in |! a |! resting |! state, |! no |! replication
Why |! are |! cyclins |! important? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔expressed |! to. |! help |! certain |! processes |! happen |! in |! the |! cell |! cycle apoptosis |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! well-controlled, |! programmed |! cell |! death
- |! done |! in |! a |! manner |! where |! small |! apoptotic |! bodies |! are |! engulfed |! to |! avoid |! inflammation What |! is |! apoptosis |! controlled |! by? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔BAX |! & |! BCL-
- |! pro-apoptotic, |! induces |! cell |! death
- |! activates |! caspases |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔BAX |! (pacman) Anti-apoptotic |! protein |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Bcl- necrosis |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔uncontrolled |! cell |! death; |! generally |! results |! in |! lots |! of |! inflammation proto-oncogenes |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔code |! for |! proteins |! that |! stimulate |! normal |! cell |! growth |! and |! division
what |! happens |! to |! p53 |! in |! cancer |! cells? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔it |! is |! constantly |! suppressed/off |! so |! everything |! goes |! unchecked |! at |! checkpoints extracellular |! matrix |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! composed |! of |! proteins |! an |! carbohydrates
- |! forms |! a |! system |! that |! surrounds |! and |! separates |! tissues
- |! inhibits |! the |! migration |! of |! cell |! throughout |! the |! body what |! do |! proteases |! do |! in |! metastatic |! tumor |! cells? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔break |! down |! the |! extracellular |! matrix, |! so |! now |! cancer |! cells |! can |! invade |! other |! parts |! of |! the |! body any |! substance |! capable |! of |! causing |! cancer |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔carcinogen aflatoxin |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔carcinogenic |! natural |! toxin |! produced |! by |! corn, |! peanuts, |! or |! fed |! to |! livestock sodium |! nitrates |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! commonly |! in |! cured |! meats
- |! when |! stored |! incorrectly |! can |! turn |! into |! nitrosamines |! which |! are |! carcinogenic
What |! in |! our |! own |! body |! is |! carcinogenic? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! ROS |! from |! cellular |! respiration
- |! hormones |! and |! growth |! factors
- |! our |! own |! gut
- |! therapy |! that |! interferes |! w |! DNA |! replication |! and |! transcription
- |! targets |! mitotic |! cells |! and |! interferes |! w |! cell |! cycle
- |! usually |! given |! as |! multi-drug |! regiment |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔chemotherapy blocks |! hormone-dependent |! signaling |! pathways |! that |! many |! genital |! cancers |! rely |! on |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔anti |! hormone |! treatments
- |! preferentially |! damages |! rapidly |! growing |! cells
- |! given |! as |! x-rays, |! gamma |! rays, |! neutron |! beams |! that |! damage |! DNA |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔radiation problem |! w |! radiation |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔also |! damages |! tissues |! around |! treated |! area types |! of |! targets |! for |! gene |! therapy |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔p suicide |! genes angiogenesis |! genes |! (to |! control |! vasculature |! to |! tumor)
azacytidine |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔prevents |! hypermethylation |! of |! DNA |! strand |! by |! mimicking |! cytidine |! and |! binding |! to |! DNA |! methylation |! enzymes |! irreversibly
