Download Portage Biod 210 Genetics- Module 8 Exam with precise detailed answers and more Exams Genetics in PDF only on Docsity!
Portage |! Biod |! 210 |! Genetics- |!
Module |! 8 |! Exam |! with |! precise |!
detailed |! answers
If |! you |! want |! to |! analyze |! the |! genome |! of |! a |! study |! species |! you |! would |! first |! need |! to: -extract |! the |! genes |! that |! you |! are |! interested |! in |! studying -sequence |! the |! genome |! of |! that |! species -check |! if |! the |! genome |! of |! the |! species |! has been |! sequenced -observe |! the |! genome |! in |! the |! microscope |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-check |! if |! the |! genome |! of |! the |! species |! has been |! sequenced What |! the |! steps |! to |! manipulating |! genes |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔1) |! find |! the |! gene, |! 2) |! separate |! it |! from |! the |! rest |! of |! the |! DNA, |! 3) |! amplify |! it, |! 4) |! insert |! it |! somewhere genome |! library |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔collection |! of |! recombinant |! clones |! produced |! from |! DNA |! fragments |! of |! an |! entire |! genome
Nucleotide |! sequencing |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔determining |! the |! nucleotide |! sequence |! that |! forms |! a |! strand |! of |! DNA What |! an |! advantage |! of |! nucleotide |! sequencing |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔DNA |! and |! RNA |! polymerase |! can |! sequence |! nucleotides What |! are |! the |! steps |! to |! nucleotide |! sequencing |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔1) |! extract |! DNA, |! 2) |! add |! polymerases Nucleotide |! sequencing |! problems |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-DNA |! is |! too |! long |! (solution- |! break |! it |! up |! or |! start |! with |! a |! short |! RNA) -DNA |! is |! double |! stranded |! (solution- |! denature |! the |! DNA |! or |! start |! with |! single |! stranded |! RNA) -can't |! visualize |! what |! the |! polymerase |! is |! doing In |! gel |! electrophoresis, |! which |! strands |! travel |! faster |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔the |! smaller |! strands What |! is |! the |! function |! of |! the |! terminator |! in |! this |! sequencing |! technology? -To |! show |! that |! nucleoside |! is |! being |! added -To |! detect |! when |! a |! nucleoside |! is |! being |! added |! to |! the |! polymer
solution: |! DNA |! amplification |! (PCR) Why |! do |! you |! need |! a |! Taq |! polymerase |! in |! PCRs |! that |! are |! carried |! out |! at |! different |! temperatures? -to |! be |! able |! to |! copy |! the |! DNA |! faster -to |! be |! able |! to |! denature |! DNA |! double |! strand |! without |! denaturing |! the |! polymerase |! as |! well. -to |! be |! able |! to |! copy |! longer |! strands |! of |! DNA -to |! be |! able |! to |! work |! at |! high |! temperatures all |! the |! time |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-to |! be |! able |! to |! denature |! DNA |! double |! strand |! without |! denaturing |! the |! polymerase |! as |! well. PCR |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-uses |! a |! special |! heat |! tolerant |! polymerase |! (taq |! polymerase) -denatures |! double |! strand |! and |! adds |! ingredients -repeats |! process |! multiple |! times PCR |! steps |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔1. |! Denaturation |! (raise |! temp |! of |! rxn |! to |! about |! 100 |! degrees |! celsius)
- |! Annealing |! (reduce |! temp |! to |! about |! 60 |! celsius |! for |! primer |! to |! anneal |! but |! DNA |! won't |! get |! back |! together)
- |! Elongation |! (taq |! polymerase |! works |! best |! at |! 72 |! degrees |! celsius |! to |! copy |! the |! strands) How |! many |! copies |! of |! a |! sequence |! will |! you |! have |! after |! 10 |! cycles? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔2^n 1024 Next |! generation |! sequencing |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔group |! of |! automated |! techniques |! used |! for |! rapid |! DNA |! sequencing. |! Uses |! removable |! tags |! for |! each |! dNTP Illumina |! sequencing |! (next |! sen |! sequencing) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔removable |! terminators |! are |! used |! to |! sequence |! many |! DNA |! fragments |! simultaneously 3rd |! gen |! sequencing |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔uses |! a |! single |! strand |! to |! amplify |! DNA |! so |! its |! faster |! and |! cheaper What |! is |! the |! main |! difference |! between |! Sanger |! and |! Next |! gen |! sequencing? -That |! the |! terminators |! in |! Sanger |! sequencing |! are |! irreversible -That |! in |! Next |! gen |! sequencing |! there |! is |! fluoresence |! involved -That |! Next |! gen |! sequencing |! uses |! faster |! polymerases
What |! do |! we |! refer |! by |! gene |! annotation? -To |! determine |! the |! nucleotide |! sequence |! of |! a |! particular |! segment |! in |! the |! genome -To |! add |! mutations |! to |! a |! particular |! segment |! of |! the |! genome -To |! determine |! what |! the |! function/identity |! of |! a |! segment |! of |! the |! genome |! is -To |! create |! comparisons |! between |! species on |! the |! similarity |! of |! their |! sequences. |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-To |! determine |! what |! the |! function/identity |! of |! a |! segment |! of |! the |! genome |! is How |! to |! introduce |! mutations |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔cutting |! the |! DNA |! by |! introducing |! restriction |! enzymes, |! engineered |! nucleases, |! and |! crispcas restriction |! enzymes |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔proteins |! the |! recognized |! small |! palindromic |! sequences |! (4 |! to |! 8 |! base |! pairs |! long), |! nonspecific engineered |! nucleases |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔artificial |! restriction |! enzymes, |! can |! recognize |! bigger |! palindromic |! sequences CrisprCas9 |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-can |! cut |! very |! specific |! regions |! of |! the |! DNA -can |! be |! used |! to |! treat |! specific |! diseases, |! improve |! crops/livestock, |! cheap |! and |! easy |! access, |! off |! target |! activity
Different |! options |! after |! cutting |! DNA |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔let |! it |! heal, |! introduce |! a |! function |! gene, |! introduce |! a |! sequence |! that |! will |! silence |! the |! gene Crispr |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔RNA |! that |! is |! complementary |! to |! a |! DNA |! strand |! (guide) Cas |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔protein |! with |! nuclease |! activity |! (cuts |! DNA), |! originally |! from |! bacterial |! immune |! response An |! enzyme |! that |! cuts |! blunt |! ends |! is |! used |! when |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔you |! dont |! want |! to |! introduce |! anything |! and |! introduce |! random |! mutations An |! enzyme |! that |! cuts |! staggered |! ends |! is |! used |! when |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔you |! want |! to |! introduce |! a |! gene What |! type |! of |! enzyme |! would |! you |! use |! if |! you |! want |! to |! turn |! off |! a |! particular |! gene |! by |! introducing |! random |! mutations? -CrisprCas |! with |! Cas |! that |! cuts |! staggered |! ends -Enginnered |! Endonuclease |! that |! cuts |! blunt |! ends -CrisprCas |! with |! Cas |! that |! cuts |! blunt |! ends -Engineered |! nuclease |! that |! cuts
