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portage |! Genetics (BIOD 210) |!
module |! 2 |! Exam |! with |! accurate |!
detailed |! solutions
information |! encoded |! within |! genes |! is |! organized |! into: |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ chromosomes to |! make |! sure |! chromosomes |! are |! passed |! down |! through |! generations, |! chromosomes |! are |! transmitted |! on: |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ gametes what |! is |! a |! karyotype |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ a |! visual |! snapshot |! of |! a |! cell how |! is |! karyotyping |! preformed? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ isolating |! white |! blood |! cells |! then |! taking |! pictures |! under |! a |! microscope chromosomes |! are |! numbered |! by: |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ size the |! only |! way |! to |! definitely |! diagnose |! inherited |! disorders |! is |! via: |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ karyotyping
BRCA1 |! is |! a |! : |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ tumor |! suppressor |! gene |! that |! is |! produced |! in |! breast |! tissue |! that |! repairs |! DNA those |! lacking |! the |! BRCA1 |! gene |! have |! a |! ____% |! risk |! to |! develop |! breast/ovarian |! cancer? |! why? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ 80%, |! unable |! to |! repair |! DNA |! in |! breast |! tissue What |! are |! some |! functions |! of |! proteins |! in |! cells? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ -structural |! components
- |! metabolism -signaling What |! two |! proteins |! make |! up |! hemoglobin |!? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ a- |! globulin b-globulin How |! does |! sickle |! cell |! anemia |! occur? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ offspring |! receives |! mutant |! copies |! of |! b-globulin |! gene |! from |! both |! parents What |! happens |! as |! a |! result |! in |! the |! mutation |! in |! b-globulins? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ -RBC |! distort |! when |! oxygen |! is |! low -distorted |! cells |! break
what |! is |! a |! monohybrid |! cross |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ a |! cross |! between |! two |! pure |! individuals |! that |! contrast |! only |! 1 |! trait what |! is |! P1 |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ parental |! generation what |! is |! F1 |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ the |! first |! set |! of |! offsprings what |! is |! F2 |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ second |! generation for |! each |! trait |! that |! a |! organism |! has, |! they |! inherit |! ____ |! gene |! from |! each |! parent |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ 1 For |! every |! trait |! that |! mendel |! observed, |! what |! were |! the |! F1 |! and |! F2 |! results? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ f1: |! 100% |! tall F2: |! 75% |! tall |! 3:1 |! ratio was |! the |! crossing |! of |! traits |! sex |! dependent |! in |! mendels |! experiments? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ no what |! is |! a |! reciprocal |! cross? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ a |! pair |! of |! crosses |! between |! a |! male |! of |! one |! strain |! and |! a |! female |! of |! another, |! and |! vice |! versa.
What |! was |! mendels |! first |! postulate? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ genetic |! characteristics |! are |! controlled |! by |! unit |! factors |! existing |! in |! pairs |!
- |! there |! are |! 3 |! combinations |! of |! unit |! factors |! and |! each |! organism |! can |! only |! have |! one example: |! 2 |! units |! for |! tall, |! 2 |! units |! for |! dwarf, |! or |! 1 |! unit |! tall |! combined |! with |! 1 |! unit |! dwarf what |! was |! mendels |! second |! postulate? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ when |! two |! unlike |! unit |! factors |! are |! present, |! one |! will |! be |! dominate |! and |! one |! will |! be |! recessive what |! was |! mendels |! third |! postulate |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ during |! the |! formation |! of |! gametes, |! the |! paired |! unit |! factors |! separate |! randomly |! so |! each |! gamete |! receives |! one |! of |! the |! other |! with |! equal |! likelihood |! (if |! it |! has |! 2 |! unit |! factors |! for |! tall, |! it |! will |! always |! be |! tall. |! if |! it |! has |! 1 |! for |! tall |! and |! 1 |! for |! dwarf, |! it |! will |! be |! 50/50) the |! F1 |! generation |! of |! plants |! had |! what |! unit |! factors? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ 1 |! tall |! and |! 1 |! dwarf allele |! are |! simply: |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ variations |! of |! a |! given |! gene |! (gene |! for |! height: |! 2 |! alleles, |! tall |! and |! short)
what |! are |! the |! genotypes |! of |! the |! P1 |! and |! F1 |! generations |! of |! the |! pea |! plants |! for |! color |! and |! shape? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ P1: |! YYRR |! and |! yyrr |! F1: |! YyRr what |! are |! the |! ratios |! for |! F1 |! xF1 |! cross? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ 9:3:3: what |! is |! mendels |! fourth |! postulate? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ during |! gamete |! formation, |! genes |! assort |! (separate) |! independently |! of |! each |! other |! (eye |! color |! doesn't |! have |! an |! effect |! on |! dimples) what |! does |! the |! product |! law |! of |! probabilities |! state |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ the |! probability |! of |! two |! or |! more |! independent |! events |! occurring |! simultaneously |! is |! the |! same |! as |! the |! product |! of |! their |! individual |! probabilities |! (3/4 |! x |! 3/4 |! x |! 1/4 |! = |! 9/64) each |! time |! Cc |! parents |! have |! a |! child, |! what |! is |! the |! chance |! the |! child |! will |! be |! cc? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ 25% |! each |! time, |! it |! resets what |! is |! gene |! interaction? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ when |! a |! single |! phenotype |! of |! affected |! by |! more |! than |! a |! single |! gene
give |! an |! example |! of |! gene |! interaction? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ Labrador |! retriever |! should |! either |! be |! black |! or |! brown, |! however |! there's |! another |! gene |! that |! if |! present, |! causes |! a |! lack |! in |! pigment |! which |! results |! in |! a |! yellow |! color a |! new |! allele |! is |! recognized |! as: |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ the |! presence |! of |! a |! new |! phenotype what |! is |! a |! neutral, |! or |! silent |! mutation? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ a |! mutation |! that |! does |! not |! change |! the |! function |! or |! phenotype |! of |! a |! gene what |! are |! loss |! of |! function |! mutations |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ gene |! mutation |! in |! a |! partial |! or |! total |! loss |! of |! function/phenotype |! of |! the |! gene what |! happens |! in |! the |! case |! of |! a |! null |! allele |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ the |! mutation |! in |! a |! gene |! results |! in |! a |! total |! loss |! of |! the |! genes |! function what |! is |! a |! gain |! of |! function |! mutation |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ a |! mutation |! that |! enchanted |! the |! function |! of |! a |! gene What |! is |! an |! example |! of |! a |! gain |! in |! function |! mutation |! causing |! harm? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ cancer, |! cells |! grow |! and |! develop |! quickly
Factor |! V |! is |! a |! incomplete |! dominance |! disorder. |! what |! happens |! in |! this |! disease? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ -some |! people |! developed |! blood |! clots |! often -some |! people |! develop |! blood |! clots |! only |! when |! there |! are |! risk |! factors -some |! don't |! develop |! blood |! clots how |! many |! chromosomal |! combinations |! could |! parents |! pass |! on |! to |! their |! children? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ 64 |! trillion What |! is |! codominance? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ -every |! gene |! is |! expressed ABO |! blood |! group
