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Portage |! genetics |! BIOD |! 210 |!
module |! 3 |! Exam |! with |! accurate |!
solutions
Who |! proposed |! the |! DNA |! double |! helix |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ Watson |! and |! Crick |! in |! 1953 Who |! proposed |! DNA |! was |! composed |! of |! 4 |! nucleotides |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ Levene Who |! identified |! "nuclein" |! in |! DNA |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ Miescher What |! are |! the |! 4 |! critical |! characteristics |! of |! genetic |! flow |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ 1. |! replication |! of |! genetic |! material
- |! storage |! of |! genetic |! material
- |! 100% |! accuracy |! of |! expression
- |! variation |! and |! diversity What |! are |! the |! two |! processes |! that |! divide/double |! DNA? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ mitosis |! and |! meiosis
variations |! within |! a |! population |! and |! evolution |! rely |! on |! the |! ability |! of |! genes |! to |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ mutate Fredrick |! Griffith |! found |! virulent |! strains |! contained |! a |! ____________ |! while |! non |! virulent |! strains |! did |! not |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ capsule Griffith |! study |! along |! with |! the |! complex |! experiment |! conducted |! 10 |! years |! later |! showed |! that |! DNA |! need |! to |! be: |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ functionally |! active |! to |! perform |! biological |! activities The |! process |! of |! bacteria |! strains |! converting |! back |! to |! disease |! producing |! is |! known |! as |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ transformation chromosomes |! in |! cells |! are |! unstructured |! in |! the |! nucleus. |! in |! this |! state, |! they |! are |! known |! as: |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ chromatin When |! can |! chromosomes |! be |! seen? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ during |! cell |! division |! when |! the |! chromatin |! form |! into |! chromosomes What |! technology |! is |! used |! to |! see |! cell |! structure? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ transmission |! electron |! microscopy
ribosomes |! are |! sites |! that |! contain: |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ mRNA animal |! and |! plant |! cells |! contain |! a |! pair |! of |! cytoplasmic |! bodies |! called: |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ centrioles centrioles |! are |! located |! in |! a |! structure |! called |! the |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ centrosome spindle |! fibers |! originate |! in |! the |! : |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ centrioles The |! long |! arm |! of |! the |! chromosome |! is |! called: |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ q |! arm the |! short |! arm |! of |! a |! chromosome |! is |! called: |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ p |! arm non |! sex |! cells |! are |! called |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ somatic |! cells humans |! carry |! two |! similar |! copies |! of |! the |! same |! chromosome. |! The |! pair |! of |! copies |! is |! called |! a |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ homologous |! chromosome
the |! total |! number |! of |! chromosomes |! in |! diploid |! cell |! is |! called |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ 2n the |! haploid |! number |! of |! chromosomes |! refers |! the |! the |! set |! of |! chromosomes |! that |! represent: |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ the |! entire |! genome |! of |! the |! species What |! is |! a |! genes |! "parking |! spot" |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ locus What |! is |! biparental |! inheritance? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ inheritance |! of |! 2 |! copies |! of |! a |! gene, |! one |! from |! each |! parent what |! chromosomes |! are |! the |! only |! exception |! to |! the |! homologous |! chromosome |! rule |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ sex |! determine |! chromosomes bacterial |! chromosomes |! always |! consist |! of |! a |! compact |! double |! stranded |! DNA |! molecule |! called |! a: |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ nuceloid Why |! is |! e. |! coli |! used |! in |! the |! lab |! so |! often? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ DNA |! is |! easily |! isolated |! and |! purified When |! the |! cell |! is |! not |! dividing, |! DNA |! is |! wrapped |! around |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ histones
what |! is |! responsible |! for |! holding |! the |! solenoid |! together? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ H1 |! histone when |! mitosis |! begins, |! solenoids |! are |! compacted |! into: |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ loop |! domains loop |! domains |! are |! compacted |! info: |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ chromatid describe |! the |! wrapping |! and |! structure |! of |! DNA |! from |! most |! uncoiled |! to |! most |! coiled |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ 1. |! DNA |! double |! helix
- |! nucelosome |! (DNA |! around |! histone)
- |! solenoid |! ( |! nucleosome |! bundle)
- |! loop |! domains
- |! chromatin
- |! chromatid What |! happens |! to |! the |! chromatin |! during |! chromatin |! remodeling? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ chromatin |! relaxes |! its |! shape |! to |! allow |! proteins |! to |! access |! the |! DNA -uses |! histone |! modification |! to |! access |! the |! DNA What |! did |! Richmond |! find |! out |! about |! histone |! tails? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ the |! tails |! are |! not |! wrapped |! into |! the |! complex |! structure |!
of |! the |! nucleosome, |! which |! allow |! for |! it |! to |! interact |! with |! other |! molecules What |! does |! acetylation |! of |! histones |! do? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ changes |! the |! charge |! of |! the |! histone |! from |! positive |! to |! neutral why |! does |! acetylation |! of |! histones |! happen? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ to |! reduce |! the |! attraction |! between |! histones |! and |! DNA |! so |! the |! DNA |! can |! be |! exposed |! and |! modified in |! areas |! of |! high |! gene |! activity, |! there |! is |! a |! high |! level |! of |! ___________________ |! taking |! place |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ acetylation what |! happens |! during |! phosphorylation |! of |! histones? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ phosphate |! group |! is |! added, |! making |! the |! histones |! negative this |! reduces |! the |! bond |! between |! DNA |! and |! histones What |! two |! places |! can |! methylation |! occur? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ - within |! nucleosome |! on |! the |! histone -nucleotide |! base |! cytosine when |! methy |! groups |! are |! added |! to |! a |! histone, |! what |! happens |! to |! gene |! activity? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ increases
-growing -differentiating -undergoing |! metabolism -performing |! cellular |! functions what |! happens |! during |! S |! phase |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ DNA |! is |! synthesized -makes |! sister |! chromatids |! connected |! by |! a |! centromere During |! G1, |! cells |! can |! "go |! silent" |! into |! a |! phase |! know |! as: |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ G When |! cells |! go |! silent |! during |! G0, |! this |! is |! known |! as |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ quiescent Why |! would |! a |! cell |! go |! into |! G0? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ lack |! of |! nutrients |! or |! growth |! factors cancer |! cells |! usually |! go |! through |! which |! cell |! phase |! very |! quickly? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ G1, |! skip |! G during |! interphase, |! chromosomes |! are |! dispersed |! through |! the |! cell |! and |! form: |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ long |! chromatin |! fibers
what |! is |! the |! longest |! mitotic |! phase? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ prophase what |! happens |! during |! prophase? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ - chromosomes |! start |! to |! condense -centrioles |! migrate |! to |! the |! poles |! -nuclear |! envelope |! disintegrates centrioles |! are |! responsible |! for |! the |! formation |! of |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ spindle |! fibers Spindle |! fibers |! are |! made |! up |! of |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ tubulin |! (protein) centrioles |! are |! only |! present |! in |! __________ |! cells |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ animal what |! are |! the |! two |! parts |! of |! a |! chromosome |! called |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ sister |! chromatids What |! is |! the |! protein |! complex |! formed |! during |! S |! phase |! that |! holds |! sister |! chromatids |! together |! (holds |! together |! length |! wise, |! not |! just |! at |! the |! centromere) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ cohesin
Once |! the |! sister |! chromatids |! have |! split, |! they |! are |! called: |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ daughter |! chromosomes What |! structures |! help |! the |! spindle |! fibers |! real |! in |! the |! chromosome? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ molecular |! motors What |! is |! the |! process |! of |! the |! two |! new |! cells |! being |! pinched |! off |! in |! the |! middle |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ cytokinesis mutations |! that |! occur |! repeatedly |! in |! the |! cell |! cycle |! are |! called: |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ cell |! division |! cycle |! mutations Where |! are |! the |! three |! cell |! cycle |! check |! points? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ 1. |! G1/S-makes |! sure |! DNA |! is |! good |! to |! divide
- |! G2/M- |! make |! sure |! DNA |! divide |! right
- |! M- |! makes |! sure |! spindle |! fibers |! attach What |! are |! the |! two |! methods |! for |! fixing |! a |! cell |! that |! did |! not |! pass |! a |! check |! point? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ 1. |! DNA |! gets |! fixed
- |! Cell |! undergoes |! cell |! death Genes |! that |! are |! most |! commonly |! mutated |! are |! found |! in:: |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ kinases
what |! do |! kinases |! do |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ phosphorylate |! proteins |! (during |! the |! cell |! cycle |! to |! increase |! their |! function) what |! proteins |! bind |! to |! kinases |! to |! activate |! them? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ cyclins Does |! meiosis |! or |! mitosis |! cause |! genetic |! diversity? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ meiosis What |! happens |! during |! prophase |! I |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ homologous |! chromosomes |! pair |! up |! in |! a |! process |! called |! synapsis What |! is |! a |! bivalent |! and |! how |! many |! are |! there |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ a |! synapsed |! pair |! of |! chromosomes, |! 23 (chromosomes |! cross |! over |! each |! other) bivalents |! turn |! into: |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ tetrads (chromosomes |! that |! were |! intertwined |! with |! each |! other |! form |! tetrads, |! genetic |! information |! is |! exchanged) The |! bivalent |! tetrads |! now |! form: |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ recombinant |! chromosomes
for |! egg |! cells, |! meiosis |! II |! only |! happens |! if: |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ the |! cell |! is |! fertilized genes |! that |! are |! part |! of |! the |! same |! chromosome |! are |! said |! to |! be: |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ linked what |! is |! the |! process |! where |! chromosomal |! segments |! are |! interchanged |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ recombination the |! frequency |! of |! crossing |! over |! is |! directly |! proportional |! to: |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ the |! distance |! between |! them |! (further |! the |! distance, |! more |! crossing |! over) genes |! that |! lie |! on |! different |! chromosomes |! always |! assort: |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ independently what |! is |! the |! term |! for |! When |! genes |! are |! linked |! with |! no |! crossover |! exchange, |! and |! parental |! gametes |! are |! in |! equal |! proportions |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ complete |! linkage why |! is |! cross |! over |! more |! likely |! is |! the |! genes |! are |! far |! apart? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ higher |! likelihood |! the |! cross |! over |! event |! will |!
happen |! between |! them |! (if |! on |! different |! poles, |! and |! cross |! over |! in |! the |! middle, |! then |! they |! are |! separated) What |! occurs |! when |! chromatids |! twist |! more |! than |! once |! and |! double |! the |! exchange |! of |! material |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ double |! crossover what |! 3 |! criteria |! must |! be |! met |! to |! have |! a |! successful |! crossover? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ -loci |! genotypes |! must |! be |! heterozygous -must |! be |! a |! distinct |! phenotype -must |! observe |! a |! sufficient |! number |! of |! offspring What |! are |! heteromorphic |! chromosomes |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ X |! and |! Y around |! the |! 5-7th |! week |! of |! gestation, |! what |! develops |! on |! the |! kidneys? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ either |! a |! testis |! or |! ovary How |! many |! genes |! does |! the |! Y |! chromosome |! have |! compared |! to |! the |! X |! chromosome |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ Y- |! 75 X- |! 900- The |! sex |! determining |! region |! on |! a |! Y |! chromosome |! codes |! for |! what |! protein? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ testis |! determining |! factor
