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Material Type: Exam; Class: General Biology; Subject: Biology; University: Seattle Pacific University; Term: Autumn 2009;
Typology: Exams
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Prior to condensing into chromosomes in preparation for cell division, DNA forms long, thin strands associated with proteins. This form of DNA is called (a) a chromatid (c) a centromere (e) the nuclear lamina (b) chromatin (d) a centrosome Daughter cells resulting from normal mitotic cell division (a) have the same chromosome number as their parent cell (b) have half the chromosome number as their parent cell (c) have twice the chromosome number as their parent cell (d) do not produce a nuclear membrane (e) do not undergo cytokinesis After passing through interphase, a cell is unable to initiate mitosis as it lacks the threshold concentration of maturation promoting factor (MPF). As an experimental cell biologist looking to induce mitosis you (a) decrease the concentration of MPF (b) increase the intracellular concentration of cyclin-dependent kinase (CdK) (c) increase the intracellular concentration of cyclin (d) increase the concentration of microtubules for spindle fiber formation (e) increase the concentration of actin and myosin for cleavage furrow formation Unregulated cell division can lead to tumor formation. If these tumor cells spread to other tissues it is described as (a) benign (b) metabolic (c) bacterial (d) haploid (e) malignant The image on the right is a cell at which phase of mitosis? (a) Anaphase (b) Meiosis (c) Metaphase (d) Prophase (e) Telophase While looking at a human cell under a microscope, you notice that the cell has 46 chromosomes. From this observation, you can conclude that (a) a gamete cell (c) is a male cell (e) a cancer cell (b) a somatic cell (d) has recently undergone meiosis
Homologous chromosomes would be found in (a) a bacterium (b) an ovum (c) a virus (d) a zygote (e) all of these If there are 10 centromeres in a cell, how many chromosomes are there? (a) zero (b) 5 (c) 10 (d) 20 (e) 6x10^23 Spindle fibers attach at (a) a kinetachore (b) a telomere (c) DNA polymerase (d) RNA polymerase Which of the following occur(s) in meiosis, but not mitosis? (a) chromosome replication (d) tetrads align at the midline in metaphase (b) synapsis (e) both “b” and “d” (c) daughter cells are produced If mitotic division is the mode of reproduction for a cell, genetic diversity between parent and daughter cells will result from (a) crossing over (c) independent assortment (e) mutation (b) fertilization (d) meiosis I A pterodactyl (dinosaur) has a green scales. If she mated with another pterodactyl with green scales and produced 12 offspring with green scales and 4 offspring with yellow scales, she is most likely (assuming Mendelian inheritance) (a) homozygous recessive (d) triploid (b) homozygous dominant (e) heterozygous (with codominance) (c) heterozygous One parent in a test cross MUST (a) be homozygous dominant (c) be heterozygous (b) be homozygous recessive (d) have a known dominant genotype Incomplete dominance occurs when (a) a homozygote produces an intermediate trait (b) two alleles are fully expressed (c) one dominant allele is not enough to produce enough protein for “full” expression (d) one gene affects the expression of another gene (e) all of these are versions of incomplete dominance
The difference between a leading and lagging DNA template strand arises from (a) Directionality of the two template strands (b) The need to replicate the new strands in the 3’ to 5’ direction (c) Okazaki fragments synthesized on the leading strand (d) The limited ability of DNA polymerase III to replicate the leading strand only (e) All of these lead to difference between the leading and lagging strands Meiosis ______________ the chromosome number of a cell by ______________ during meiosis I. (a) increases…. double (d) maintains…. forming tetrads (b) decreases…. one fourth (e) none of these answers fit appropriately (c) maintains…. independent assortment Okazaki fragments are linked together to form a continuous strand of DNA by the enzymes (a) DNA polymerase I and ligase (d) Helicase and ssbp’s (b) DNA polymerase I and primase (e) RNA polymerase and a sigma subunit (c) DNA polymerase II and DNA polymerase III During DNA synthesis, which of the following sequences would be synthesized if the template strand included the sequence: 5’ ATTGGGCAT 3’? (a) 5’ UAACCCGUA 3’ (c) 3’ ATTGGGCAT 5’ (d) 5’ TAAGGGCAT 3’ (b) 3’ UAACCCGUA 5’ (d) 3’ TAACCCGTA 5’ The semi-conservative model of DNA replication is best described as (a) the addition of one new DNA strand to another new DNA strand (b) the addition of one new DNA strand to one template DNA strand (c) the replication of DNA template fragments which then rejoin other template fragments (d) the synthesis of a new DNA strand from an old mRNA strand (e) the transcription of DNA to form an mRNA strand Hershey and Chase raised a culture of viruses (bacteriaphages) in either radioactive phosphorus (^32 P) or radioactive sulfur (^35 S) to test whether DNA or protein was the molecule containing genetic information. Why did these scientists choose these radioactive elements? (a) DNA ejects radioactive phosphorus when entering the virus “ghost” (b) DNA ejects radioactive sulfur when entering the virus “ghost” (c) Protein ejects radioactive sulfur when entering the cells of E. coli bacteria (d) Phosphorus is present in DNA and sulfur is present in protein (e) Phosphorus is present in protein and sulfur is present in DNA
In eukaryotic cells, transcription takes place (a) in ribosomes in the cytoplasm (d) in the circular chromosome (b) the rough endoplasmic reticulum (e) in the nucleus (c) in RNA polymerase in the cytoplasm A TATA box is best described as a (a) a promoter sequence for transcription (b) promoter sequence for translation (c) section on a ribosome that recognizes methionine (d) start codon for translation (e) there is no such thing as a TATA box The “central dogma” is the theory of how proteins are synthesized from genetic material. This theory follows what series of events? (a) DNA replication, translation, transcription (d) DNA replication, transcription, translation (b) DNA replication, mitosis, meiosis (e) DNA replication, meiosis, mitosis (c) translation, transcription, DNA replication Anit-codons are located on the _________. The anti-codon for CGG is ________. (a) mRNA, GCC (c) tRNA, CGG (e) DNA, GCC (b) mRNA, CGG (d) tRNA, GCC Introns are known to contain termination codons (UAA, UGA, or UAG) yet not interrupt the coding of a particular protein. Why? (a) UAA, UGA, and UAG are initiator codons, not termination codons (b) Exons are spliced out of mRNA before translation (c) These triplets cause frameshift mutations, not termination (d) More than one termination codon is needed to stop translation (e) Termination codons and the rest of the intron is removed before translation The “start codon” is synonymous (meaning the same) with (a) TATA (c) stop codon (e) release factor (b) methionine codon (d) alanine codon