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practice on physics 2, Exercises of Physics

State University of New York College at Cortland (SUNY)Physics
Prof. Daniel Costura

electric dipole and interference

Typology: Exercises

2023/2024

Uploaded on 06/10/2025

riot-mcgrath
riot-mcgrath 🇺🇸

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Final Exam Study guide 276
First, study the 2 semester exams, and correct your mistakes
Study the Exam guides for Exams 1&2, old quizzes etc.
Early Biophysics
Conductance, resistance, driving force Ohm’s Law!Nernst Potential, equation, typical
values Reversal Potential
Resting Potential!!
voltage gated channel gating cycles for both Na+ and K+
Goldman equation (know it! And be able to interpret it)
Na+K+ATPase!!
synaptic potential!graded potential!IPSP!EPSP, types of summation
Glial cells: !schwann cell oligodendrocyte astrocyte microglia
Node of Ranvier
voltage gated channel(s)!Ligand gated channel(s)!!
synaptic terminal!!
synaptic vesicle
quantum of neurotransmitter!anatomical evidence
myelin- what biophysical properties does it affect? what is an alternative to myelin for
inverts?
This is important: I expect you to understand how voltage clamp recordings relate to
the IV plots that you use to analyze them.
Hodgkin and Huxley who are they? TTX TEA!!
electrogenic pump, what is that?
What is anode break excitation, what is the underlying mechanism?
Synapses:
synaptotagmin, synapsin pools of vesicles
There is quite a lot of detail regarding vesicle release, the proteins involved etc. please
consult the readings carefully.
Don't forget the 3 modes of vesicle recycling and the protein involved in vesicle
formation.
synaptic terminal!!
synaptic vesicle/
quantum of neurotransmitter!!mepps and minis- graphs and experimental details *If you
pf3
pf4
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Final Exam Study guide 276 First, study the 2 semester exams, and correct your mistakes Study the Exam guides for Exams 1&2, old quizzes etc. Early Biophysics Conductance, resistance, driving force Ohm’s Law Nernst Potential, equation, typical values Reversal Potential Resting Potential voltage gated channel gating cycles for both Na+ and K+ Goldman equation (know it! And be able to interpret it) Na+K+ATPase synaptic potential graded potential IPSP EPSP, types of summation Glial cells: schwann cell oligodendrocyte astrocyte microglia Node of Ranvier voltage gated channel(s) Ligand gated channel(s) synaptic terminal synaptic vesicle quantum of neurotransmitter anatomical evidence myelin- what biophysical properties does it affect? what is an alternative to myelin for inverts? This is important: I expect you to understand how voltage clamp recordings relate to the IV plots that you use to analyze them. Hodgkin and Huxley who are they? TTX TEA electrogenic pump, what is that? What is anode break excitation, what is the underlying mechanism? Synapses : synaptotagmin, synapsin pools of vesicles There is quite a lot of detail regarding vesicle release, the proteins involved etc. please consult the readings carefully. Don't forget the 3 modes of vesicle recycling and the protein involved in vesicle formation. synaptic terminal synaptic vesicle/ quantum of neurotransmitter mepps and minis- graphs and experimental details *If you

were to see experimental recordings of quantal events how would they look in low Ca++ with stimulation, and with TTX in the bath Two forms of short term plasticity (with mechanisms) Final Exam Study guide 276 Two forms of long term plasticity (with mechanisms) 4 outcomes of Ca++ entry in LTP including the DNA binding element that is activated in late stage LTP AMPA v NMDA receptors compare and contrast Know the sarcomere and its contraction cycle Visual System Cortical Hypercolumn organization, major axis, and developmental considerations: these development issues could appear in an essay type compare/contrast question with previous examples of critical periods etc. In this section you learned about the 6 layers of all neocortex, general aspects of columnar organization especially in visual system. You should know how a photon is processed from the rod to the complex cell, you should be able to discuss the concept of hierarchical processing in the visual system, and compare that to other systems, you should be able to illustrate the theoretical construction of a simple cell What features are processed in series in the visual cortex and which are processed in parallel. Describe the what and where pathways, describe the computational problems of each (eg aperture problem) where do they originate? Recent lectures There was a large visual component in developmental plasticity, regarding the organization of V1, but also the frog tectum. You should understand what models explain the formation of ocular dominance columns etc. You should be able to relate these gross forms of plasticity to the cellular mechanisms of plasticity that you learned earlier in the semester. What is a critical period. How does it relate to the visual pathway, language development, circuit architecture? bcl2, caspase(s)

Synaptic Physiology

  • 3 modes of vesicle trafficking
  • 3 Katz experiments- what major theory of neural function did Katz's experiments establish experimentally? What were the experiements? You should be able to describe the major data from each experiment or predict it if given quantal properties etc.
  • 2 modes of summation in the postsynaptic cell
  • 2 pools of vesicles (define) and know the proteins involved in vesicle behavior in each pool
  • Shunting inhibition Synaptic Plasticity
  • First, for context, know the details of classical conditioning and who developed the experiment that established it. What is a conditioned stimulus, what are the other 3 classical conditioning terms and what is an example of each in the context of Pavlov's experiment?
  • Who came up with the idea of associative vs specific strengthening? can you explain the differences between these two concepts? could you draw a circuit cartoon and walk someone through how specific or associative strengthening would behave under experimental conditions? Long Term synaptic plasticity LTP and LTD
  • you need to be able to reproduce the EPSP amplitude v. time plot for each form of plasticity AMPA NMDA CAMKII 4 downstream event following tetanus in a plasticity experiment What is the main phosphatase involved in LTD, what is the main kinase in LTP What is a miniature end plate potential? what is significant about it?(not from lecture) Short term plasticity 2 forms- mechanism, relation to vesicle pools/trafficking, predict typical responses in v- clamp and I clamp What are the stimulation conditions that lead to LTP? why is the NMDA ionotropic receptor unique in chemical synaptic transmission? What are silent synapses, how do they lead to meaningful circuit assembly during development? Can you draw the classic graph derived from spike time dependent plasticity data?

If I mentioned any Nobel laureate's name during the class or in readings you need to associate that name with a discovery. Synaptic Physiology what you don't need to know- all those autophosphorylation steps for CAMKII- you're welcome. Vision Periphery Eye anatomy- cell anatomy of photoreceptors Retinal circuit from photon to ganglion cell response: 2 types, can you draw them in response to light or dark?-- meaning: voltage changes and/or spiking in each cell name the 4 cells in the retina that I mentioned. Transduction pathway- know each step in order! it is fair game for me to ask you to make a flow chart of the transduction steps from photoisomerization to voltage change M pathway P pathway layer 4c columnar processing, and the hypercolumn simple and complex cell properties hierarchical processing, serial and parallel processing concepts. What are emergent properties of each cell from LGN to 4c and through hypercomplex neurons. What are the organizing principles of the primary visual cortex Can you draw and properly label a hypercolumn?