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Praxis Special Education Foundational
Knowledge (5355) exam with correct
answers
Michael is a 14-year-old student who meets the criteria for other health impairment (OHI) and receives special education and related services. According to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), which of the following meets the definition criteria for OHI? a. Traumatic brain injury b. Expressive language disorder c. Chronic asthma d. Developmental delay - correct answer ✔ c. Chronic asthma In which of the following scenarios is it most appropriate for a teacher to begin to use prompt-fading techniques to support a student's skill development? a. A student reads only assigned fiction texts and refuses to read nonfiction texts. b. A student often becomes argumentative after receiving a grade below 80 percent on an assignment. c. A student reciprocates greetings only when the teacher provides verbal reminders.
d. A student ignores the gesture whenever the teacher points to a clock to remind the student to stay on task. - correct answer ✔ C. A student reciprocates greetings only when the teacher provides verbal reminders. A second-grade student, John, has autism spectrum disorder. John receives special education and related services and has a special education teacher in the classroom to support his learning. During gym class, John struggles with physical activities because of low muscle tone and repetitive rocking behaviors. Which of the following is the most effective approach to help John develop and improve gross motor skills? a. Integrating more physical body movements into classroom activities throughout the day b. Contacting the parents to find out what exercises John likes to engage in at home with the family c. Asking an occupational therapist to evaluate the classroom environment and recommend updates to support John d. Having a physical therapist design, implement, and document a treatment therapy plan that can benefit John - correct answer ✔ d. Having a physical therapist design, implement, and document a treatment therapy plan that can benefit John After a student is referred by a teacher for an evaluation for special education services, which of the following is the most appropriate next step for the school to take? a. Provide the student with appropriate Tier 3 interventions b. Obtain consent from a legal guardian for initial evaluation of the student c. Schedule professional testing of the student
During an IEP review meeting, Kelly's parents express concern that Kelly's functional skills are not progressing at home as well as her parents would like, compared with the progress she is making in the classroom. Which of the following is the best way to address the parents' concerns? a. Arranging videoconferences at regular intervals with a trained professional to discuss goals, share resources, and recommend other community programs b. Asking the parents to document specific skills that they would like their child to learn so the skills can be added to the annual goal at the next IEP meeting c. Sharing links to pages on the IDEA Web site that contain information about how children with multiple disabilities are defined, for the parents to review on their own d. Providing the parents with monthly IEP progress reports highlighting the areas that they should continue to work on at home - correct answer ✔ a. Arranging videoconferences at regular intervals with a trained professional to discuss goals, share resources, and recommend other community programs Ms. Jenkins is teaching a 5-year-old student named Kyle who has autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and little language to use a communication board. Ms. Jenkins has three toys. She shows Kyle one toy at a time and asks him if it is in a picture from a big book. He responds "yes" by touching a yellow happy face and "no" by touching an unhappy face covered with a big red X. Which of the following best describes the purpose of the activity? a. To reinforce Kyle's expressive language skills b. To develop Kyle's self-monitoring skills c. To introduce new vocabulary to Kyle d. To modify Kyle's target behavior goals - correct answer ✔ a. To reinforce Kyle's expressive language skills
Which of the following best characterizes a student with EBD? a. Is unable to sit still, has trouble concentrating, and may need assistive technology for motor skills b. Has difficulty understanding body language, facial expressions, and other nonverbal cues c. Shows an inability to discriminate between letters, numbers, and sounds d. Exhibits inappropriate types of behaviors or feelings under normal circumstances - correct answer ✔ d. Exhibits inappropriate types of behaviors or feelings under normal circumstances Students in a tenth-grade inclusion class are learning to write essays on a teacher-assigned topic. During one of the lessons, the special education coteacher asks students to exchange their draft essay for that of a peer. The students have just completed a minicourse on peer review, and the data show that they are ready to practice the intervention technique with classmates. Which of the following is the primary purpose of a peer review intervention? a. Encouraging students to complete their essay assignment on time b. Introducing students to a variety of approaches to a specific writing topic c. Providing valuable feedback for both students and teachers d. Allowing teachers to use their time more efficiently during the school day - correct answer ✔ c. Providing valuable feedback for both students and teachers According to IDEA, which of the following is the most restrictive environment for instruction of a student with a disability who requires multiple nebulizer treatments per day?
b. Providing Don with a timer as a visual aid to help him get ready for the next activity c. Giving Don a daily schedule book to track his time d. Allowing Don to complete the task at his own pace to avoid tantrums - correct answer ✔ B A fifth-grade student with cerebral palsy has average intelligence and intelligible speech but limited mobility and, as a result, struggles greatly with both fine motor and gross motor skills. To best help the student successfully complete written assignments, the teacher should provide a a. voice recognition software program b. pencil grip and raised-line paper c. portable word processor d. personal amplifier and FM system - correct answer ✔ A Which of the following appropriately refers to the coteaching model in which two teachers split the class into two groups and teach the same content simultaneously? a. Station teaching b. Alternative teaching c. Team teaching d. Parallel teaching - correct answer ✔ D Which THREE of the following activities are important for a special education teacher to complete before conducting a student evaluation?
a. Determining whether the issues are occurring across various educational settings b. Determining whether the issues are consistent with the age of the student c. Documenting the frequency of the issues throughout the day d. Providing benchmarks to be achieved to meet the annual academic goals - correct answer ✔ A, B, C Which of the following is most likely associated with a student who has an auditory processing disorder? a. Has difficulty understanding and remembering language-related tasks, but may not have difficulty interpreting or recalling nonverbal environmental sounds or music b. Has difficulty communicating orally and uses limited sentence structures when speaking, but can pronounce words and sounds c. Has difficulty looking at others when they are speaking and has sensitivity to lights and sounds d. Has difficulty staying focused on tasks and may show frustration by fidgeting with items on the desk or getting out of seat - correct answer ✔ A Which of the following is a goal that is common to both a Section 504 plan and an IEP? a. Offering academic and behavioral support for the student in the least restrictive environment b. Empowering a student with a disability to advocate for their rights in school and in the community
a. Pre-assessment b. Formative assessment c. Norm-referenced assessment d. Summative assessment - correct answer ✔ b Kaylee is a recently enrolled fourth-grade student who has an IEP for an intellectual disability. The school does not yet have her previous IEP. She says little in class and answers questions by pointing. Which of the following is the best first step in determining an intervention for Kaylee? a. Finding an age-appropriate sign-language program for Kaylee b. Creating a basic communication board to encourage Kaylee to communicate c. Asking Kaylee's parents to share strategies they use to communicate at home d. Assessing Kaylee's language skills to determine the ones she currently possesses - correct answer ✔ d John is a student with cognitive delays in an inclusion kindergarten. His Present Levels of Academic Achievement and Functional Performance (PLAAFP) indicate that John had low birth weight and as a result may experience minor deficits in thinking, learning, and retention. Which of the following factors most likely contributed to John's low birth weight? a. Social-emotional stress b. Prenatal and neonatal care c. Acquired brain injury d. Infectious disease - correct answer ✔ b
A student is taking a cumulative examination at the end of the marking period. Which of the following assessments best represents this type of evaluation? a. Preassessment b. Formative assessment c. Norm-referenced assessment d. Summative assessment - correct answer ✔ d At the end of a lesson on photosynthesis, an inclusion science teacher poses a question for students to answer on an index card. Which of the following terms best describes the tool the teacher is using? a. Cooperative learning b. Unit preview c. Exit ticket d. Survey - correct answer ✔ c A third-grade student has an auditory processing disorder, which makes following verbal directions in class difficult. Which of the following is the most appropriate strategy for a teacher to use during instruction for students with such auditory processing disorders? a. Lowering active participation requirements b. Providing multistep verbal directions c. Allowing frequent breaks during lessons d. Using frequent visual cues - correct answer ✔ d
a Have Ian examine pictures that accompany a text during a lesson to help him understand and connect with the text b Have Ian sit in a quiet area before a lesson and listen to an audio version of a reading passage that will be used for instruction c Ensure that Ian has access to a library in his community where he can borrow books that interest him d Allow Ian to work in small discussion groups where he can pick up from peers the meaning of the text the group is studyin - correct answer ✔ b Tom is a second-grade student educated in a general education classroom. He has an orthopedic impairment and a traumatic brain injury, which occurred at birth. Tom received early intervention and now receives special education and related services. The special education teacher has been working with Tom on his communication skills and discusses with the classroom teacher integrating assistive technology into the instructional day. Which of the following would most effectively enhance Tom's communication skills? a. Use of individualized schedule books b. Use of microswitches c. Use of sensory tables d. Use of pointers and reading props - correct answer ✔ b Donny is a kindergarten student who is unwilling to try new things and claims that he is unable to build a tower from blocks or help put on a puppet show. When asked why he is unwilling to participate, Donny shrugs his shoulders and says that he is dumb and does not know how or he whines, saying, "I just can't do it." Which of the following best indicates what Donny is demonstrating?
a. Learned helplessness b. Self-actualization c. Intrinsic motivation d. Striving for success - correct answer ✔ a Several students in a middle school inclusion class are impolite, impulsive, and emotionally immature. Which of the following is the most appropriate way to provide behavioral support to the students? a. Showing educational videos about respect and responsibility b. Having students role-play scenarios demonstrating behaviors c. Initiating punishment for the disrespectful behaviors d. Allowing students more time to mature socially - correct answer ✔ b An eighth-grade student who is an English learner understands and speaks conversational English with increasing confidence but is significantly below grade level in reading comprehension and writing skills. Which of the following best indicates that the source of the student's difficulty is most likely a learning disability and not a language barrier? a. Having gone through a noncommunicative silent period for several months b. Exhibiting plateaued growth in literacy skills over time despite receiving interventions c. Demonstrating stronger math computation skills than problem-solving strategies
is the best approach to increasing family involvement and supporting the teacher-parent relationship with this family? a. Scheduling special events and class trips during the day so that the family can volunteer for and participate in activities with their child b. Setting up remote conferences with the parents to discuss IEP progress, share concerns and ideas, and collaboratively plan in a language of their choice c. E-mailing a monthly newsletter in an appropriate language to the family outlining the lessons and activities that their child will be engaged in during the month d. Having the parents schedule regular meetings with their child's IEP team and an interpreter to update the child's IEP objectives and goals for the year - correct answer ✔ b Ms. Gray is a general education teacher in a third-grade inclusion classroom. Cameron, a recently enrolled student who receives special education services, gets frustrated and struggles to cooperate when it is time for an activity to end. Which of the following strategies will best ensure Cameron's successful inclusion in the general education classroom and is most likely to help improve Ms. Gray's professional practice? a. Posting a chart of the day's lessons on the classroom Web site so Cameron can learn the schedule b. Targeting the different senses when planning lessons so that Cameron's senses work together to help him acquire new knowledge c. Integrating Cameron's specific goals into daily routines and transitions and reflecting often on the effectiveness of the strategy d. Planning instruction that is one grade level below to provide Cameron with flexible options about the content he will study - correct answer ✔ c
Based on comments in a recent progress report, the parents of a student with SLD find out that the student makes syntax errors in writing. When interpreting the comments to the parents at a conference, the teacher should focus on which TWO areas of improvement in the student's writing? a. Base words, roots, prefixes, and suffixes b. The mechanics of language c. The identification of syllables in spoken words through clapping d. The correct use of grammar to ensure meaning in a sentence - correct answer ✔ b, d Data collected from both formative and summative assessments reveal that a sixth-grade student with a specific learning disability in mathematics is functioning on a third-grade level. The student receives mathematics instruction in a resource room. Implementing which of the following will best help the student improve mathematics skills? a. A functional curriculum b. A social curriculum c. A supplementary curriculum d. An integrated curriculum - correct answer ✔ c A teacher introduces a lesson on the processes of the water cycle to an inclusion classroom of high school students. One of the lesson objectives is for students to label a diagram that illustrates the processes of the water cycle. Which of the following accommodations is most appropriate for a student with progressive muscular dystrophy?
a. Trust versus mistrust b. Autonomy versus shame and doubt c. Initiative versus guilt d. Industry versus inferiority - correct answer ✔ c Jason is a fifth-grade student in a general education classroom. Among behaviors that began in third grade, Jason often throws items on the floor, rips down posters and student artwork, and kicks and hits classmates for no apparent reason. Jason also struggles with communicating needs, following directions, and using reasoning and thinking skills as well as focusing on tasks for more than two minutes. Although Jason has an IEP for a traumatic brain injury (TBI) experienced at age 5, his parents believe he needs greater support and additional services. In response to Jason's parents' concerns, the IEP team is most likely to consider testing Jason for which of the following co-occurring conditions? a. A learning disability and dysgraphia b. Autism spectrum disorder and dyslexia c. An orthopedic impairment and cerebral palsy d. Emotional disturbance and intellectual disability - correct answer ✔ d Which of the following supplementary supports will best help a student with memory deficits improve executive functioning skills? a. Extending project-based homework deadlines b. Providing a personal assignment notebook c. Supplying recordings of nonfiction books
d. Reducing the number of questions on assignments - correct answer ✔ b Theresa, a fifth-grade student in a general education classroom, was recently diagnosed with dyscalculia. Her teacher notices that Theresa has difficulty with visual-spatial representations of numbers, words related to math, and mental math. Which of the following activities is most appropriate for helping Theresa develop her math skills independently? a. Measuring ingredients for a simple recipe using measuring cups b. Estimating the total cost of three items bought at a supermarket c. Using manipulatives to solve math word problems d. Connecting numbers to groups of items placed on her desk - correct answer ✔ c A special education teacher and a general education teacher are coteaching a first-grade class composed of students with IEPs and students without IEPs. All special education services are provided within the classroom. Which of the following best describes the most effective way for the teachers to collaborate?
- correct answer ✔ a. The special education teacher instructs only small groups of students with IEPs, and the general education teacher groups the rest of the students by ability. b. The special education teacher and the general education teacher plan together and use dynamic grouping to ensure that students receive instruction from both teachers. c. The general education teacher takes on the leadership role in the classroom and shares daily lesson plans with the special education teacher. d. The general education teacher provides all direct instruction, and the special education teacher provides homework help and reteaches difficult concepts as needed.
