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Precipitation Reactions: Double Displacement and Ionic Compounds, Study notes of Chemistry

University of Dubuque (UD)Chemistry

The concept of precipitation reactions, which are a type of double-displacement reaction. It covers the general form of double-displacement reactions, the role of precipitation reactions in ionic compounds, and a step-by-step process for writing precipitation equations. The document also includes examples and practice exercises.

What you will learn

What happens during precipitation reactions in ionic compounds?
Which ions are typically soluble or insoluble in water?
What is the general form of double-displacement reactions?

How do you write the complete equation for a precipitation reaction?
What are spectator ions and how do they affect precipitation equations?

Typology: Study notes

2021/2022

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Precipitation and

Double-Displacement

• Precipitation reactions belong to a

general class of reactions called

double-displacement reactions.

Double displacement reactions have

the following form. Note that the

elements in two reacting compounds

change partners.

AB + CD → AD + CB

Partial preview of the text

Download Precipitation Reactions: Double Displacement and Ionic Compounds and more Study notes Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity!

Precipitation and

Double-Displacement

• Precipitation reactions belong to a

general class of reactions called

double-displacement reactions.

Double displacement reactions have

the following form. Note that the

elements in two reacting compounds

change partners.

AB + CD → AD + CB

Precipitation and

Double-Displacement

AB + CD → AD + CB

Precipitation reactions take place between ionic compounds in solution.
A and C represent cations, and B and D represent anions.
The cation of the first reactant (A) combines with the anion of the second reactant (D) to form the product AD, and the cation of the second reactant (C) combines with the anion of the first reactant to form the product CB.

Precipitation

Questions

• Describe the solution formed at

the instant water solutions of two

ionic compounds are mixed

(before the reaction takes place).

• Describe the reaction that takes

place in this mixture.

• Describe the final mixture.

• Write the complete equation for

the reaction.

Precipitation

Reaction

Ca(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) + Na 2 CO 3 (aq) ® CaCO 3 (s) + 2NaNO 3 (aq)

Ca(NO 3 ) 2 and Na 2 CO 3 represent ionic compounds.
As I described in the previous lesson, when ionic compounds dissolve in water, the ions are separated, and they move throughout the liquid like any other particle in the liquid.
Each cation is surrounded by the oxygen ends of water molecules, and each anion is surrounded by the hydrogen ends of water molecules.

Solution of Ca(NO

and

Na

CO

at the time of

mixing, before the reaction

Product Mixture for the

reaction of Ca(NO

and Na

CO

Complete Ionic

Equation

Spectator

Ions

• Ions that are important for delivering

not actively involved in the reaction

are called spectator ions.

• Spectator ions can be recognized

because they are separate and

surrounded by water molecules both

before and after the reaction.

Animation

• Precipitation reaction animation

https://preparatorychemistry.com/precipitation_Canvas.html

Writing Precipitation

Equations

Step 1: Determine the formulas for the possible products using the general double-displacement equation.

AB + CD ®^ AD + CB

Step 2: Predict whether either of the possible products is water insoluble. If either possible product is insoluble, a precipitation reaction takes place, and you may continue with step 3. If neither is insoluble, write “No reaction”.

Writing Precipitation

Equations (cont)

Step 3 : Follow these steps to write the complete equation. - Write the formulas for the reactants separated by a “+”. - Separate the formulas for the reactants and products with a single arrow. - Write the formulas for the products separated by a “+”. - Write the physical state for each formula. - The insoluble product will be followed by (s). - Water-soluble ionic compounds will be followed by (aq). - Balance the equation.

Example 1 –

Step 1

Predict whether a precipitate will form when water solutions of silver nitrate, AgNO 3 (aq), and sodium phosphate, Na 3

PO

4 (aq), are mixed. If there is a precipitation reaction, write the complete equation that describes the reaction.

Step 1: Determine the formulas for the possible products using the general double-displacement equation. AB + CD ®^ AD + CB

Precipitation Reactions: Double Displacement and Ionic Compounds, Study notes of Chemistry

Related documents

Partial preview of the text

Download Precipitation Reactions: Double Displacement and Ionic Compounds and more Study notes Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity!

Precipitation and

Double-Displacement

• Precipitation reactions belong to a

general class of reactions called

double-displacement reactions.

Double displacement reactions have

the following form. Note that the

elements in two reacting compounds

change partners.

AB + CD → AD + CB

Precipitation and

Double-Displacement

AB + CD → AD + CB

Precipitation

Questions

• Describe the solution formed at

the instant water solutions of two

ionic compounds are mixed

(before the reaction takes place).

• Describe the reaction that takes

place in this mixture.

• Describe the final mixture.

• Write the complete equation for

the reaction.

Precipitation

Reaction

Solution of Ca(NO

and

Na

CO

at the time of

mixing, before the reaction

Product Mixture for the

reaction of Ca(NO

and Na

CO

Complete Ionic

Equation

Spectator

Ions

• Ions that are important for delivering

other ions into solution but that are

not actively involved in the reaction

are called spectator ions.

• Spectator ions can be recognized

because they are separate and

surrounded by water molecules both

before and after the reaction.

Animation

• Precipitation reaction animation

Writing Precipitation

Equations

AB + CD ®^ AD + CB

Writing Precipitation

Equations (cont)

Example 1 –

Step 1

PO

Example 1 –

Step 1

AB + CD ®^ AD + CB

• If A is Ag

and D is PO

, AD is

Ag

PO

• If C is Na

and B is NO

, CB is

NaNO

Practice

Predicting

Water Solubility

• There is a tool on the textbook’s

website that will help you to practice

predicting ionic solubility in water.