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PRESENTATION ON LEADERSHIP

Introduction

Leadership is the ability to develop a vision that motivates others to move with a passion toward a common goal. So leadership is a process by which a person influences others to accomplish an objective and directs the organization in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent.

Four factors of leadership

 Leader - You must have an honest

understanding of who you are, what you know and what you can do. To be successful you have to convince your followers not your superiors, that you are worthy of being followed.

 Follower - You must know your people. The

fundamental starting point is having a good understanding of human nature, such as needs, emotions and motivation.

Styles of leadership

The three major styles of leadership are **(U.S. Army Handbook,

1973. :**

Authoritarian or autocratic Participative or democratic Delegative or Free Reign

Autocratic – The authoritarian leader makes decisions

alone as power is centralized in one person. Decisions

are enforced using rewards and the fear of

punishment. it is an abusive, unprofessional style called

“ bossing people around .”

Laissez-faire- The free-rein leader gives power to

subordinates to make the decisions. However, the

leader is still responsible for the decisions that are

made. This is used when employees are able to

analyze the situation. Deligative style is generally not

useful.

Theories of leadership

TRAIT THEORY

CONTINGENCY THEORY

BEHAVIRAL THEORY

SITUATIONAL THEORY

Advantages of Trait Theory -

 It is naturally pleasing theory.

 It serves as a yardstick against which the leadership traits of an individual can be assessed.

 It gives a detailed knowledge and understanding of the leader element in the leadership process.

Limitations of The Trait Theory –

 There is bound to be some subjective judgment in determining who is regarded as a ‘good’ or ‘successful’ leader.

 There is also a disagreement over which traits are the most important for an effective leader

Studies of Behvioral theory

 Ohio state leadership university

studies.

 Managerial Grid

 University of Michigan studies

Contingency theory-

In Contingency theory of leadership, the success of the leader is a function of various contingencies in the form of subordinate, task, and/or group variables. The Leaders who are very effective at one place and time may become unsuccessful either when transplanted to another situation or when the factors around them change. This helps to explain how some leaders who seem for a while to have the 'Midas touch' suddenly appear to go off the boil and make very unsuccessful decisions.

FIEDLER’S CONTINGENCY MODEL

Fiedler's model assumes that group performance depends on:  Leadership style, described in terms of task motivation and relationship motivation. Situational favourableness, determined by three factors: a) Leader-member relations - Degree to which a leader is accepted and supported by the group members. b) Task structure - Extent to which the task is structured and defined, with clear goals and procedures. c) Position power - The ability of a leader to control subordinates through reward and punishment.