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Pressure Ulcer Staging and Common Pressure Points, Study notes of Medical Sciences

Detailed information about the different stages of pressure ulcers, from intact skin with nonblanchable redness to full thickness tissue loss with exposed bone or muscle. It also includes a list of common pressure points in various body positions and areas, such as the heels, sacrum, elbows, and scapulae. Understanding pressure ulcer stages and pressure points is crucial for healthcare professionals and caregivers to prevent and treat these injuries.

What you will learn

  • What are the different stages of pressure ulcers?
  • How can pressure ulcers be prevented and treated?
  • What are the common pressure points in various body areas and positions?

Typology: Study notes

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/12/2022

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Stage 1: Intact skin with non-
blanchable redness of a localized
area usually over a bony prominence.
Darkly pigmented skin may not have
visible blanching; its color may differ
from surrounding area.
Stage 2: Partial thickness loss of
dermis presenting as a shallow open
ulcer with a red pink wound bed,
without slough. May also present as
an intact or open/ruptured serum-
fi lled blister.
Stage 3: Full thickness tissue loss.
Subcutaneous fat may be visible but
bone, tendon or muscle are not exposed.
Slough may be present but does not
obscure the depth of tissue loss. May
include undermining and tunneling.
Stage 4: Full thickness tissue loss
with exposed bone, tendon or
muscle. Slough or eschar may be
present on some parts of the wound
bed. Often include undermining and
tunneling.
Unstageable: Full thickness tissue
loss in which the base of the ulcer is
covered by slough (yellow, tan, gray,
green or brown) and/or eschar (tan,
brown or black) in the wound bed.
Suspected Deep Tissue Injury (sDTI): Purple or maroon localized area of discolored
intact skin or blood-fi lled blister due to damage of underlying soft tissue from pressure
and/or shear. The area may be preceded by tissue that is painful, fi rm, mushy, boggy,
warmer or cooler as compared to adjacent tissue.
Pressure Ulcer Staging
Stage 1: Intact skin with non-
blanchable redness of a localized
area usually over a bony prominence.
Darkly pigmented skin may not have
visible blanching; its color may differ
from surrounding area.
Stage 2: Partial thickness loss of
dermis presenting as a shallow open
ulcer with a red pink wound bed,
without slough. May also present as
an intact or open/ruptured serum-
fi lled blister.
Stage 3: Full thickness tissue loss.
Subcutaneous fat may be visible but
bone, tendon or muscle are not exposed.
Slough may be present but does not
obscure the depth of tissue loss. May
include undermining and tunneling.
Stage 4: Full thickness tissue loss
with exposed bone, tendon or
muscle. Slough or eschar may be
present on some parts of the wound
bed. Often include undermining and
tunneling.
Unstageable: Full thickness tissue
loss in which the base of the ulcer is
covered by slough (yellow, tan, gray,
green or brown) and/or eschar (tan,
brown or black) in the wound bed.
Suspected Deep Tissue Injury (sDTI): Purple or maroon localized area of discolored
intact skin or blood-fi lled blister due to damage of underlying soft tissue from pressure
and/or shear. The area may be preceded by tissue that is painful, fi rm, mushy, boggy,
warmer or cooler as compared to adjacent tissue.
Pressure Ulcer Staging
Stage 1: Intact skin with non-
blanchable redness of a localized
area usually over a bony prominence.
Darkly pigmented skin may not have
visible blanching; its color may differ
from surrounding area.
Stage 2: Partial thickness loss of
dermis presenting as a shallow open
ulcer with a red pink wound bed,
without slough. May also present as
an intact or open/ruptured serum-
fi lled blister.
Stage 3: Full thickness tissue loss.
Subcutaneous fat may be visible but
bone, tendon or muscle are not exposed.
Slough may be present but does not
obscure the depth of tissue loss. May
include undermining and tunneling.
Stage 4: Full thickness tissue loss
with exposed bone, tendon or
muscle. Slough or eschar may be
present on some parts of the wound
bed. Often include undermining and
tunneling.
Unstageable: Full thickness tissue
loss in which the base of the ulcer is
covered by slough (yellow, tan, gray,
green or brown) and/or eschar (tan,
brown or black) in the wound bed.
Suspected Deep Tissue Injury (sDTI): Purple or maroon localized area of discolored
intact skin or blood-fi lled blister due to damage of underlying soft tissue from pressure
and/or shear. The area may be preceded by tissue that is painful, fi rm, mushy, boggy,
warmer or cooler as compared to adjacent tissue.
Pressure Ulcer Staging
Stage 1: Intact skin with non-
blanchable redness of a localized
area usually over a bony prominence.
Darkly pigmented skin may not have
visible blanching; its color may differ
from surrounding area.
Stage 2: Partial thickness loss of
dermis presenting as a shallow open
ulcer with a red pink wound bed,
without slough. May also present as
an intact or open/ruptured serum-
fi lled blister.
Stage 3: Full thickness tissue loss.
Subcutaneous fat may be visible but
bone, tendon or muscle are not exposed.
Slough may be present but does not
obscure the depth of tissue loss. May
include undermining and tunneling.
Stage 4: Full thickness tissue loss
with exposed bone, tendon or
muscle. Slough or eschar may be
present on some parts of the wound
bed. Often include undermining and
tunneling.
Unstageable: Full thickness tissue
loss in which the base of the ulcer is
covered by slough (yellow, tan, gray,
green or brown) and/or eschar (tan,
brown or black) in the wound bed.
Suspected Deep Tissue Injury (sDTI): Purple or maroon localized area of discolored
intact skin or blood-fi lled blister due to damage of underlying soft tissue from pressure
and/or shear. The area may be preceded by tissue that is painful, fi rm, mushy, boggy,
warmer or cooler as compared to adjacent tissue.
Pressure Ulcer Staging
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Stage 1 : Intact skin with non- blanchable redness of a localized area usually over a bony prominence. Darkly pigmented skin may not have visible blanching; its color may differ from surrounding area.

Stage 2 : Partial thickness loss of dermis presenting as a shallow open ulcer with a red pink wound bed, without slough. May also present as an intact or open/ruptured serum- filled blister.

Stage 3 : Full thickness tissue loss. Subcutaneous fat may be visible but bone, tendon or muscle are not exposed. Slough may be present but does not obscure the depth of tissue loss. May include undermining and tunneling.

Stage 4 : Full thickness tissue loss with exposed bone, tendon or muscle. Slough or eschar may be present on some parts of the wound bed. Often include undermining and tunneling.

Unstageable : Full thickness tissue loss in which the base of the ulcer is covered by slough (yellow, tan, gray, green or brown) and/or eschar (tan, brown or black) in the wound bed.

Suspected Deep Tissue Injury (sDTI): Purple or maroon localized area of discolored intact skin or blood-filled blister due to damage of underlying soft tissue from pressure and/or shear. The area may be preceded by tissue that is painful, firm, mushy, boggy, warmer or cooler as compared to adjacent tissue.

Pressure Ulcer Staging

Stage 1 : Intact skin with non- blanchable redness of a localized area usually over a bony prominence. Darkly pigmented skin may not have visible blanching; its color may differ from surrounding area.

Stage 2 : Partial thickness loss of dermis presenting as a shallow open ulcer with a red pink wound bed, without slough. May also present as an intact or open/ruptured serum- filled blister.

Stage 3 : Full thickness tissue loss. Subcutaneous fat may be visible but bone, tendon or muscle are not exposed. Slough may be present but does not obscure the depth of tissue loss. May include undermining and tunneling.

Stage 4 : Full thickness tissue loss with exposed bone, tendon or muscle. Slough or eschar may be present on some parts of the wound bed. Often include undermining and tunneling.

Unstageable : Full thickness tissue loss in which the base of the ulcer is covered by slough (yellow, tan, gray, green or brown) and/or eschar (tan, brown or black) in the wound bed.

Suspected Deep Tissue Injury (sDTI): Purple or maroon localized area of discolored intact skin or blood-filled blister due to damage of underlying soft tissue from pressure and/or shear. The area may be preceded by tissue that is painful, firm, mushy, boggy, warmer or cooler as compared to adjacent tissue.

Pressure Ulcer Staging

Stage 1 : Intact skin with non- blanchable redness of a localized area usually over a bony prominence. Darkly pigmented skin may not have visible blanching; its color may differ from surrounding area.

Stage 2 : Partial thickness loss of dermis presenting as a shallow open ulcer with a red pink wound bed, without slough. May also present as an intact or open/ruptured serum- filled blister.

Stage 3 : Full thickness tissue loss. Subcutaneous fat may be visible but bone, tendon or muscle are not exposed. Slough may be present but does not obscure the depth of tissue loss. May include undermining and tunneling.

Stage 4 : Full thickness tissue loss with exposed bone, tendon or muscle. Slough or eschar may be present on some parts of the wound bed. Often include undermining and tunneling.

Unstageable : Full thickness tissue loss in which the base of the ulcer is covered by slough (yellow, tan, gray, green or brown) and/or eschar (tan, brown or black) in the wound bed.

Suspected Deep Tissue Injury (sDTI): Purple or maroon localized area of discolored intact skin or blood-filled blister due to damage of underlying soft tissue from pressure and/or shear. The area may be preceded by tissue that is painful, firm, mushy, boggy, warmer or cooler as compared to adjacent tissue.

Pressure Ulcer Staging

Stage 1 : Intact skin with non- blanchable redness of a localized area usually over a bony prominence. Darkly pigmented skin may not have visible blanching; its color may differ from surrounding area.

Stage 2 : Partial thickness loss of dermis presenting as a shallow open ulcer with a red pink wound bed, without slough. May also present as an intact or open/ruptured serum- filled blister.

Stage 3 : Full thickness tissue loss. Subcutaneous fat may be visible but bone, tendon or muscle are not exposed. Slough may be present but does not obscure the depth of tissue loss. May include undermining and tunneling.

Stage 4 : Full thickness tissue loss with exposed bone, tendon or muscle. Slough or eschar may be present on some parts of the wound bed. Often include undermining and tunneling.

Unstageable : Full thickness tissue loss in which the base of the ulcer is covered by slough (yellow, tan, gray, green or brown) and/or eschar (tan, brown or black) in the wound bed.

Suspected Deep Tissue Injury (sDTI): Purple or maroon localized area of discolored intact skin or blood-filled blister due to damage of underlying soft tissue from pressure and/or shear. The area may be preceded by tissue that is painful, firm, mushy, boggy, warmer or cooler as compared to adjacent tissue.

Pressure Ulcer Staging

Pressure Points

Supine Position

Prone Position

Lateral Position

Heels Sacrum Elbows Scapulae Back of Head

Toes Knees Genitalia Breasts Acromion Cheek (men) (women) process and ear

Malleolus Medial and Greater Ischium Ribs Ear Lateral Condoyle Trochantor

Coccyx

Pressure Points

Supine Position

Prone Position

Lateral Position

Heels Sacrum Elbows Scapulae Back of Head

Toes Knees Genitalia Breasts Acromion Cheek (men) (women) process and ear

Malleolus Medial and Greater Ischium Ribs Ear Lateral Condoyle Trochantor

Coccyx

Pressure Points

Supine Position

Prone Position

Lateral Position

Heels Sacrum Elbows Scapulae Back of Head

Toes Knees Genitalia Breasts Acromion Cheek (men) (women) process and ear

Malleolus Medial and Greater Ischium Ribs Ear Lateral Condoyle Trochantor

Coccyx

Pressure Points

Supine Position

Prone Position

Lateral Position

Heels Sacrum Elbows Scapulae Back of Head

Toes Knees Genitalia Breasts Acromion Cheek (men) (women) process and ear

Malleolus Medial and Greater Ischium Ribs Ear Lateral Condoyle Trochantor

Coccyx