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Preventive Medicine Exam: Detailed Questions and Answers with Explanation, Exams of Nursing

Preventive Medicine Exam: Detailed Questions and Answers with Explanations. Preventive Medicine Exam: Detailed Questions and Answers with Explanation.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 07/03/2025

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Preventive Medicine Exam: Detailed Questions and
Answers with Explanations
1.What are the three levels of prevention in preventive medicine? Provide an
example of each.
Answer:
Primary prevention: Prevents disease before it occurs (e.g., vaccination).
Secondary prevention: Early detection and treatment (e.g., cancer
screening).
Tertiary prevention: Reduces complications of established disease (e.g.,
rehabilitation after stroke).
Explanation:
These levels represent a continuum from preventing disease onset to managing
established illness to reduce disability.
2.Define primordial prevention and explain how it differs from primary
prevention.
Answer:
Primordial prevention aims to prevent the emergence of risk factors themselves
(e.g., tobacco control policies), while primary prevention targets existing risk
factors to prevent disease.
Explanation:
Primordial prevention addresses social and environmental determinants before
risk factors develop.
3.What criteria should a disease meet to be suitable for screening?
Answer:
The disease should be an important health problem, have a detectable early
stage, an effective treatment, a reliable and acceptable test, and screening should
improve outcomes.
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Preventive Medicine Exam: Detailed Questions and

Answers with Explanations

  1. What are the three levels of prevention in preventive medicine? Provide an example of each. Answer:  Primary prevention: Prevents disease before it occurs (e.g., vaccination).  Secondary prevention: Early detection and treatment (e.g., cancer screening).  Tertiary prevention: Reduces complications of established disease (e.g., rehabilitation after stroke). Explanation: These levels represent a continuum from preventing disease onset to managing established illness to reduce disability.
  2. Define primordial prevention and explain how it differs from primary prevention. Answer: Primordial prevention aims to prevent the emergence of risk factors themselves (e.g., tobacco control policies), while primary prevention targets existing risk factors to prevent disease. Explanation: Primordial prevention addresses social and environmental determinants before risk factors develop.
  3. What criteria should a disease meet to be suitable for screening? Answer: The disease should be an important health problem, have a detectable early stage, an effective treatment, a reliable and acceptable test, and screening should improve outcomes.

Explanation: Screening is justified only if early detection leads to better health outcomes and benefits outweigh harms.

  1. What is herd immunity and why is it important? Answer: Herd immunity occurs when a large proportion of a population is immune to an infectious disease, reducing its spread and protecting those who are not immune. Explanation: It protects vulnerable individuals who cannot be vaccinated or have weak immune systems.
  2. Describe the role of nurses in immunization programs. Answer: Nurses educate patients, administer vaccines, monitor for adverse reactions, maintain immunization records, and advocate for vaccine uptake. Explanation: Nurses are frontline providers ensuring immunization coverage and community protection.
  3. What is the difference between active and passive immunity? Answer: Active immunity is developed by exposure to an antigen (infection or vaccination), while passive immunity is acquired through transfer of antibodies (e.g., maternal antibodies). Explanation: Active immunity is long-lasting; passive immunity provides immediate but temporary protection.
  4. How does lifestyle modification contribute to primary prevention? Answer: Lifestyle changes like healthy diet, regular exercise, smoking cessation, and alcohol moderation reduce risk factors for chronic diseases.

Answer: Early identification of prediabetes or diabetes allows interventions to prevent complications. Explanation: Screening is especially important in high-risk populations.

  1. Describe the nurse’s role in cancer screening programs. Answer: Nurses identify eligible patients, provide education, facilitate screening tests, and follow up on results. Explanation: They help increase screening uptake and early diagnosis.
  2. What is the “number needed to treat” (NNT) and why is it important? Answer: NNT is the number of patients who need an intervention to prevent one adverse outcome. Explanation: It helps evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of preventive interventions.
  3. How does socioeconomic status affect preventive health outcomes? Answer: Lower socioeconomic status is linked to reduced access to preventive services and higher disease risk. Explanation: Social determinants influence health behaviors and healthcare utilization.
  4. What is motivational interviewing and how does it support preventive care? Answer: A counseling method that enhances patient motivation to change health behaviors. Explanation: It is patient-centered and effective in promoting lifestyle changes.
  1. Why is adherence important in preventive medicine? Answer: Non-adherence reduces the effectiveness of preventive interventions and increases disease risk. Explanation: Encouraging adherence improves health outcomes.
  2. What are common adverse reactions to vaccines and how should nurses manage them? Answer: Mild fever, soreness, rash; serious reactions are rare. Nurses monitor, provide reassurance, and report adverse events. Explanation: Proper management maintains vaccine confidence and safety.
  3. Explain the importance of prenatal care in preventive medicine. Answer: Early prenatal care detects and manages risks, promotes healthy behaviors, and improves maternal and fetal outcomes. Explanation: It is a key component of primary prevention for mother and child.
  4. What is the purpose of health risk assessments? Answer: To identify individual risk factors and guide personalized preventive strategies. Explanation: They enable targeted interventions.
  5. How do nurses contribute to occupational health and safety? Answer: By assessing workplace hazards, educating workers, promoting safety practices, and monitoring health.

Explanation: Vaccination is a form of primary prevention against virus-related cancers.

  1. What is the significance of body mass index (BMI) in preventive care? Answer: BMI helps identify overweight and obesity, which are risk factors for many chronic diseases. Explanation: It guides interventions for weight management.
  2. How do nurses support mental health as part of preventive medicine? Answer: By screening for depression, providing counseling, and facilitating referrals. Explanation: Mental health is integral to overall preventive care.
  3. What is the role of folic acid supplementation in prevention? Answer: Prevents neural tube defects when taken before and during early pregnancy. Explanation: It is a simple, effective primary prevention measure.
  4. Describe how nurses can promote safe sex education. Answer: Providing information on contraception, STI prevention, and healthy relationships. Explanation: This reduces unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections.
  5. What is the importance of screening for colorectal cancer? Answer: Early detection of polyps and cancer reduces mortality. Explanation: Screening is recommended starting at age 45-50 for average risk adults.
  1. How can nurses address vaccine hesitancy? Answer: By providing clear information, addressing concerns, and building trust. Explanation: Effective communication improves vaccine acceptance.
  2. What is the role of environmental health in preventive medicine? Answer: Reducing exposure to pollutants and hazards prevents diseases. Explanation: Nurses advocate for safe environments.
  3. How does physical activity contribute to disease prevention? Answer: Improves cardiovascular health, weight control, and mental well-being. Explanation: Exercise reduces risk of many chronic diseases.
  4. What are the key components of a smoking cessation intervention? Answer: Counseling, pharmacotherapy, behavioral support, and follow-up. Explanation: Comprehensive programs increase quit rates.
  5. Describe the nurse’s role in managing chronic diseases as part of tertiary prevention. Answer: Providing education, monitoring, coordinating care, and supporting rehabilitation. Explanation: This reduces complications and improves quality of life.
  6. What is the significance of screening for depression in primary care?

Explanation: Routine screening is recommended for high-risk groups.

  1. How do nurses contribute to fall prevention in the elderly? Answer: Assessing risk, educating patients, and recommending environmental modifications. Explanation: Falls cause significant morbidity and mortality in older adults.
  2. What is the importance of safe water and sanitation in preventive medicine? Answer: Prevents waterborne diseases and promotes hygiene. Explanation: Nurses advocate for community sanitation improvements.
  3. How can nurses support weight management programs? Answer: Providing education, motivation, and monitoring progress. Explanation: Weight control reduces risk of many chronic diseases.
  4. What is the role of screening for osteoporosis? Answer: Detects low bone density to prevent fractures. Explanation: Screening is recommended for women over 65 and high-risk individuals.
  5. How does alcohol moderation contribute to prevention? Answer: Reduces risk of liver disease, cancer, and accidents. Explanation: Nurses counsel patients on safe alcohol use.
  1. What is the role of nurses in disaster preparedness and prevention? Answer: Planning, education, triage, and coordination of care. Explanation: Prevents and mitigates health impacts of disasters.
  2. How can nurses promote healthy aging? Answer: Through preventive screenings, lifestyle counseling, and chronic disease management. Explanation: Supports independence and quality of life.
  3. Describe the importance of cultural competence in preventive nursing care. Answer: Ensures respectful, effective communication and care tailored to diverse populations. Explanation: Improves patient trust, adherence, and health outcomes.
  4. What is the significance of vaccination schedules? Answer: Ensures timely protection against vaccine-preventable diseases. Explanation: Adherence to schedules maximizes immunity and community protection.
  5. How does screening for lipid disorders contribute to prevention? Answer: Identifies hyperlipidemia early to reduce cardiovascular risk through lifestyle and medication. Explanation: Early intervention prevents atherosclerosis and related complications.

Answer: Ensuring proper temperature control and inventory management to maintain vaccine efficacy. Explanation: Improper storage can reduce vaccine effectiveness.