Pro Tools 101 Certification Exam: Over 200 Questions and Answers, Exams of Probability and Stochastic Processes

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PRO TOOLS 101

CERTIFICATION EXAM OVER

200 QUESTIONS AND 100%

CORRECT ANSWERS

ALREADY GRADED A+.

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1. Name five types of production tasks that ProTools can be used for. Audio, MIDI, notation, mixing, and post-production.
2. What is the AIR group? Advanced Instrument Research.
3. What types of products does the AIR Software Group specialize in? Innovative plug-ins for ProTools.
4. Examples of AIR plug-ins: Virtual instruments; Air Creative collection; Structure.
5. What is the frequency range of human hearing? 20 Hz to 20 kHz.
6. What does the frequency of a sound wave affect in terms of how we perceive the sound? Frequency affects pitch.
7. How is frequency measured? Cycles per second (CPS) or Hertz (Hz).
8. What does the amplitude of the sound wave affect? Amplitude affects loudness.
9. How is amplitude measured? Decibels (dB).
10. What is the threshold of pain? 120 dB.
11. What is sampling? The process of taking discrete readings of a signal at various moments in time.
12. What is the sample rate? The frequency with which digital snapshots (samplings) are collected.
13. What is the Nyquist Theorem? In order to produce an accurate representation of a given frequency of sound, each cycle of the sound's vibration must be sampled a minimum of two times.
14. What is the standard sample rate of an audio CD? 44.1 kHz.
15. What is the useful dynamic range of speech and music? 40 to 105 dB.

32. Name some of the file types that ProTools creates as part of the session hierarchy. Session file, WaveCache file, Audio file, MIDI file, Sibelius file, Bounced file, Clip Groups, Rendered files, Session File Backups, and Video files.
33. What is a session file? The document ProTools creates when you start a new project.
34. Where is the .ptx file stored? In a session file of the same name.
35. What is a WaveCache.wfm file? The waveform data display data for any audio in the session.
36. Can waveform data be recalculated if lost? Yes.
37. What is the default file format for both Mac and Windows ProTools systems? WAV.
38. Which component should you turn on first when powering up a ProTools system? External hard drives.
39. Which component should you turn on last when powering up a ProTools system? Audio monitoring.
40. What does hardware buffer size control? The size of the low-latency hardware cache.
41. Does hardware buffer size control DSP? No.
42. What commands are found in the File menu? To create and maintain ProTools sessions.
43. What commands are found in the Edit menu? To edit and manipulate the media in your current selection and affect data in the Timeline.
44. What commands are found in the View menu? To control how ProTools windows, tracks, and track data are displayed.
45. What commands are found in the Windows menu? To show or hide entire windows or arrange them on screen.
46. What commands are found in the Track menu? Track-based operations.

47. What commands are found in the Clip menu? To modify clips and clip settings.
48. What commands are found in the Event menu? To modify time and tempo settings of the session.
49. What commands are found in the Setup menu? To affect the architectural underpinnings.
50. What are the two main window views in a ProTools session? Edit and Mix.
51. What is found in the Edit Window? Edit Tools, Edit Modes, Edit Window Side Columns, Ruler Views, and Toolbar.
52. What are the two Edit Window side columns? Track menu and Clips menu.
53. What display elements are available under the Edit Window toolbar? Zoom controls, Transport window, and MIDI controls.
54. What is found in the Mix Window? Signal Routing controls, Record and Playback controls, and Mix Window side columns.
55. What controls are found in the Transport Window? Transport controls, Counters, and MIDI controls.
56. What does the MIDI Editor Window provide? Detailed MIDI and automation data for editing tasks.
57. How can you view your MIDI data in the Score Editor Window? As music notation.
58. What are the Edit Tool functions? Zoomer, Trim, Selector, Grabber, Scrubber, and Pencil.
59. What does the Smart Tool consist of? Trim, Selector, and Grabber tools.
60. What are the four Edit Modes? Shuffle, Slip, Spot, Grid.
61. What are the MIDI controls found in the Transport Window? Wait for Note, Metronome, MIDI Merge, and Tempo Ruler Enable (Conductor).
62. What is Universe View? Displays an overview of the entire session.

78. How can you adjust the input level going to a record-enabled track? Can you use the Volume fader to achieve a strong signal going to disk? Adjust the level of the analog instrument being recorded (or the levels on an audio interface) to keep about 6 dB of headroom for effects processing. The volume fader is for playback, not input levels for recording.
79. How can you place a session in Record Ready mode after record-enabling a track? What modifiers/shortcuts are available to initiate recording without first entering Record Ready mode? After record enabling a track in the mix or edit menu, press record on the transport to place the session in Record Ready mode. Press play then to start the actual recording. Note: Cmd + Space puts the session in record ready mode and immediately starts recording!
80. Where are recorded audio files stored for Pro Tools sessions? In the audio folder in the session folder, but they are also listed in the clips list.
81. What term is used to describe an unedited audio file in Pro Tools? What term is used to describe the smaller edited pieces of the original sound file? Audio files, or whole-file clips; Clips or subset clips.
82. What types of clips are represented by boldface type in the Clip List? What type is represented by normal type? Audio Files; Clips.
83. How do track names affect the default names of the audio files you record in ProTools? The audio files are named based on the track name into which they are recorded. An underscore and ID is also appended to the names. Edits result in updated file names with a different ID.
84. Describe two ways to rename an audio file after recording into Pro Tools. Double-click the file in the Edit window or Clip list. Right-click on the file or clip in the Edit window or Clip list and select Rename.
85. How would you go about removing unwanted audio from the Clip List without deleting the files from disk? Just delete clips from the clip list. The underlying files won't be deleted from the disk. Select clips from the clip list to remove, right-click, Clear/Remove.
86. How would you go about deleting unused whole-file clips to erase them from your hard drive? Can this action be undone? As above, but choose MOVE TO TRASH or DELETE instead of REMOVE. This cannot be undone.

87. What audio formats can be imported to Pro Tools without requiring conversion? All WAVE and AIFF files.
88. What condition would cause a file in one of Pro Tools' native formats to require conversion on import? Being in any format other than WAVE or AIFF, files that have a sample rate different than the session.
89. Name some common audio file formats that Pro Tools can convert on import. Sound Designer II, Audio Interchange File Format, Audio Interchange File Compressed, Waveform Audio File Format, MP3.
90. What are some video file formats that can be imported by Pro Tools? QuickTime and Avid MXF video formats.
91. What is the difference between split stereo and interleaved stereo? Which is/are supported for importing into Pro Tools 12? In split stereo, the audio is represented in separate mono files for the left and right channels. In interleaved stereo, the stereo information is combined into a single file that contains both left and right channel information. Both are supported for importing.
92. What is the difference between the Add button in the Import Audio dialog box and the Copy button? Which button will force-copy the files into your session's Audio Files folder? The Add button is used to import compatible files or clips without copying them to the Audio Files folder. The Copy button will import the files or clips and force-copy them to the Audio Files folder. The Copy/Copy All button.
93. What happens when you use the Workspace browser to import audio that is not compatible with your session's parameters (in other words, audio that requires conversion)? What happens when you import audio that does not require conversion? It converts it; The original files will be referenced and not copied.
94. What steps are required to conduct a search for an audio file using the Workspace browser? Window > Workspace > Default - type in search bar, and/or advanced search.
95. How would you go about importing a QuickTime movie file into Pro Tools while simultaneously importing the audio embedded in the file? Select Import Audio From File in the Video Import Options dialog box.
96. How many video files can be associated with the standard Pro Tools session at once? Only one video file may be associated with a document at a time.

106. Give some examples of virtual instrument plug-ins that are installed as standard components of Pro Tools. Xpand!2, Boom, and Structure Free; Instrument tracks (MIDI tracks - possible).
107. How many parts can be included in an Xpand!2 patch? How can each part be turned on/off? Up to 4 parts can be included in each patch; Clicking the on/off power indicator above the part letter on the instrument track.
108. What kind of virtual instrument is Boom? What does the Boom Matrix Display show? Boom is a virtual drum machine; The Matrix Display shows the current pattern in Boom's sequencer.
109. What track views are available for MIDI data in the Edit window? Which view allows you to scroll up or down to see notes at different pitches? Notes view, Clips view, and Velocity view; Notes view.
110. What track types can display data in MIDI Editor windows? Aux Input, Instrument, and MIDI tracks can display data in MIDI Editor windows.
111. What is the Notation Display Enable button used for in the MIDI Editor window? To toggle between Notes view and Notation view for the displayed MIDI and Instrument tracks.
112. What does the Universe view display? How can you use this view to scroll the Edit window display? An overview of the entire session, showing a miniature representation of all video, audio, and MIDI material on the displayed tracks; Click in the Universe view to move the framed area or click and drag on the framed area, which will scroll in real time to the movements.
113. How can you adjust a selection using the Timeline Selection In/Out Points? Move any selection tool pointer over the Timeline Selection In Point or Out Point in the Main Timebase Ruler, activating the Time Grabber tool. Drag the Time Selection In Point/Out Point to set the selection start/end.
114. How can you make an Edit selection using the Grabber tool? Click once on the clip; to select multiple clips, click on the first clip and Shift-Click on the additional clips.

115. Describe two ways to make an Edit selection using the Selector tool. How can the Selector tool be used to easily select an entire clip? Click and drag across the desired selection area on the track; Click once to define a starting point and then Shift-Click to define an ending point for the selection. Double-click to select the entire clip.
116. How can you make a selection on adjacent tracks using the Selector Tool? How can you make a selection on nonadjacent tracks? Drag vertically to select the same area across several tracks; Create a selection on one or more tracks, then Shift-Click on the Track Playlist to add the selection to a nonadjacent track.
117. What does the Link Track and Edit Selection setting do? Allows you to create an identical selection in other tracks, remove a selection from an individual track, and move a selection among tracks by selecting or deselecting track nameplates as needed.
118. How does the Tab key affect the cursor position when working in a track? How does this behavior change when the Tab to Transients button is active in the Edit window? The Tab key advances the cursor to the next adjacent clip boundary; When the Tab to Transients button is active, the Tab key will jump to the initial peak or modulation in an audio waveform.
119. How can the track height be adjusted for a track? How can all tracks be set to the same height? Track height can be adjusted by: Micro, Mini, Small, Medium, Large, Jumbo, Extreme, and Fit to Window. This is done by clicking in the amplitude scale area OR on the Track Options Menu and selecting the desired height; Option/Alt when selecting the desired height on any track will adjust all tracks to the same height.
120. Describe three ways to change the order of tracks in Pro Tools. 1. In the Edit window, click on the track nameplate and drag the track above/below other tracks. 2. In the Mix window, click on the track nameplate and drag the track left/right to reorder it among other tracks. 3. In the Track List, click on the track name and drag to a higher or lower position in the list.
121. Describe the button in the Edit window that activates Zoom Toggle. What does the Zoom Toggle function do? The Zoom Toggle button has arrows going up/down/left/right and is the furthest button on the bottom row of the Edit window; It toggles the view between the current zoom state and a preset/predefined zoom state.

130. Name some common editing commands provided in Pro Tools. Cut, copy, paste, clear, duplicate, repeat.
131. What are some operations that the Separate Clip command can be used for? To split a clip into two separate clips at a point; To separate a selection from a parent clip or from material on either side; To create multiple new clips from a selection.
132. What happens when you click on a clip with the Grabber tool in Spot mode? The Spot Dialog box will appear, allowing you to choose a new clip location.
133. What is the Trim tool used for? What modifier can you use to reverse the direction of the Trim tool? To shorten or lengthen clips by trimming their heads or tails; Hold Option (macOS) or Alt (Windows) to reverse the direction of the Trim tool.
134. What is the Nudge value used for? In what Edit modes can the Nudge function be used? To adjust the placement of clips and selections in small Nudge increments using the keyboard; In all four editing modes.
135. What keys are used to nudge a clip or section earlier or later on a track? [+] or [-] on the num pad, or Fn and +/- on the keyboard.
136. How would you go about creating a fade-out at the end of a clip? How would you go about creating a crossfade between two adjacent clips? Select the end of a clip, Edit > Fades > Create (Command/Control + F) to open the Fade-In/Fade-Out dialog box, choose the desired settings, and click OK.
137. How many levels of operations can you undo in Pro Tools 12? What are some operations that cannot be undone? Up to 64 levels; Cannot undo deleting tracks, closing a session, clearing audio from the clip list, recording in Destructive Record mode.
138. How can you display the Undo History window? What are some actions available in this window? Window > Undo History; Multiple simultaneous undos/redos, Undo all, Redo all, Clear the queue.
139. What are some available options for undoing changes that are no longer available in the Undo History window? When would each option apply? Reverting to the last saved version (File > Revert to Saved) OR restore a session backup (File > Open Session); If you have many unsaved changes

since your last save file, you may wish to restore a session backup to not lose your changes.

140. What term is used to describe an audio point that applies a signal processor directly into the signal path on a track? How many of these patch points does Pro Tools provide on each track? Insert; 10 insert positions per track.
141. What term is used to describe a signal path carrying a mix output of one or more tracks routed for parallel processing? How can this signal be returned to the sending service? Send; Through an auxiliary input.
142. What menu would you use to display or hide the Mix window? What keyboard shortcut can you use to toggle between the Mix and Edit windows? Window > Mix; Cmd/Control + =.
143. What menu command can you use to display or hide an Inserts or Sends view area in the Mix window? View > Mix Window Views and click an inserts or send option in the submenu.
144. Which Pro Tools automation mode discussed in this lesson records changes to track controls in real-time when playing back the session? Write Mode.
145. What is the difference between Read mode and Off mode? Which mode allows you to play back existing automation on the track? Off mode turns off automation for all parameters on the track regardless of their status in the Automation window; Read mode uses the automation playlist to play back the automation data written in Play mode.
146. What track control can you use to display an automation playlist? What window are automation playlists displayed in? View Track Select in the Edit window; Automation playlists are displayed in the Edit window.
147. What tool can you use to add, move, or delete automation breakpoints? What modifier can you use to delete a breakpoint by clicking on it? The Grabber tool; Option-Click/Alt-Click.
148. What type of plug-in provides real-time processing? What type provides non real-time processing? AAX plug-ins provide real-time processing; AudioSuite plug-ins provide non real-time processing.

157. How can you add audio files to iTunes for use in burning a CD? File > Bounce to Disk > Enable the Add to iTunes Library option.

158. How can the beginning of a clip be snapped to the edit cursor?

Hold control/start and click with the grabber tool.

159. True or false: MIDI velocity can be shown in an instrument track's

automation lane.

True.

160. The default shortcut to activate (and deactivate) the zoom toggle

feature is ________.

E.

161. Refer to the image below. Which track(s) would be affected if the

tempo changed?

Audio 4 only.

162. True or false: Folders can be added and removed from the sound

libraries location in the workspace browser, regardless of their physical

drive location.

True.

163. In order to audition a clip in the clips list, hold the ________, then

click and hold on the clip that you want to hear.

Option/Alt.

164. Which tool will be active when positioning the smart tool in the

center of a clip in the BOTTOM half of the track?

Grabber tool.

165. True or false: When you solo a member of a folder track (basic or

routing folder), the parent folder track will be muted.

False.

166. All of the following are types of elastic audio plug-ins except:

Panatonic.

167. The effects included in clip effects are based on Avid's ________

plug-in.

Channel Strip.

168. Which of the following describes a clip group?

A collection of audio, MIDI, or video clips that is grouped together

to facilitate selection and manipulation.

169. How can the end of a clip be snapped to the edit cursor?

Hold control + command/start + click with the grabber tool.

170. Refer to the images below. What modifier(s) can you hold to

move a playback range to a new location, maintaining its length?

Option/Alt.

171. True or false: Refer to the image below. As a general rule, the

H/W buffer size setting should be set as low as your session will allow

when tracking.

True.

172. True or false: Refer to the image below. With the "audio files

conform to session tempo" active, the edm2_kick_03.wav file will be

warped to match the session's tempo when previewed in the workspace

browser.

False.

173. True or false: All track outputs are buses.

True.

174. Which control will change the level of the signal being sent to the

compressor plug-in?

B.

175. What is the minimum number of clips that can be in a clip group?

176. True or false: The Universe view in the Edit window shows clips

on hidden tracks.

False.

177. When tracks are frozen using the track freeze feature, audio files

will be created in the ________ folder.

Rendered files.

178. Which of the following Pencil Tool drawing modes CANNOT be

used for creating tempo changes by drawing in the tempo ruler?

Square.

179. The shortcut to show or hide the clip gain line is ________.

Shift + Control + - / Shift + Start + -.

180. Refer to the image below. How many groups are currently active?

Four.

181. True or false: Clicking on the lit S indicator at the top of the Edit

window will un-solo any soloed tracks in the session.

True.

182. Refer to the image below. Based on the displayed send window,

which of the following is true?

The send is set to follow the main pan for the track.

183. Refer to the image below. With the settings indicated here, a

section on an instrument track was recorded looping four times, with

the performer playing during each repetition of the selection. How

many MIDI clips were created?

**- Cutting automation can be pasted but deleted automation cannot.

• Cutting automation adds breakpoints to the beginning and end of**

the selection but deleting does not.

198. An edit playlist is ________.

A series of clips on a track.

199. Which modifier, when held, enables you to mirror the outputs of

a bus?

Control/Start.

200. Which of the following modifiers can be used to add a new aux

track to your session by double-clicking?

Control/Start.

201. True or false: The hardware options displayed in the Hardware

Setup dialog box will vary based on the device you've selected as your

device in the Playback Engine dialog box.

True.

202. Refer to the image below. What is indicated by the square cursor

in the screenshot?

A crossfade is being created using the smart tool.

203. True or false: In the image shown below, the timeline and edit

selections are linked.

True.

204. True or false: Pressing the up arrow or down arrow keys will

transpose selected MIDI notes up or down.

True.

205. Based on the image below, which tracks will be muted if the Shift

+ M shortcut is used?

Audio 1 and Audio 2.

206. When converting audio to MIDI, which conversion type is

recommended for complex signals including both pitched and non-

pitched instruments?

Universal.

207. Refer to the image below. Which Pro Tools feature is not active?

Link timeline and edit selection.

208. Refer to the image below. What will the track name result be after

clicking the OK button in the batch track rename dialog box?

Vocal 01, 02, 03.

209. Which value cannot be changed in the Session Setup window?

Sample rate.

210. True or false: Both basic folder tracks and routing folder tracks

include solo and mute controls.

True.

211. How can you quickly zoom out to get a full track view that fills the

Edit window with the longest visible track in the session?

Double-click on the Zoomer tool.

212. Which tool will be active when positioning the smart tool in the

center of a clip in the TOP half of the track?

Selector tool.

213. True or false: The hardware buffer setting in the Playback Engine

dialog box affects audio tracks that are not record-enabled.

False.

214. Refer to the image below. Which of the following is true of

expanded view mode?

It provides access to send control across all tracks.

215. Refer to the image below. Which modifier can you use to ADD an

event to a ruler (such as a new tempo change, meter change, or

marker)?

Control/Start.

216. When should dither be applied?

When going from a higher bit depth to a lower bit depth.

217. Which of the following are ways to navigate through MIDI notes

on a track? (Choose all that apply.)

- Press the Tab key to navigate to the next note (with Tab to

Transients active).

- Press the left/right arrow keys to navigate through notes (with

Notes view active).