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Professional Ethics Final Exam (Latest
Update) Questions and Verified Answers
(GRADED A)
Corporate responsibility is a) an organization's obligation to maximize its positive effects and minimize its negative effects on stakeholders. b) principles, values, and norms that primarily guide individual and group behavior in the world of business. c) the institutionalization of business ethics into all levels of business decision making. d) a business's responsibility to manufacture products that function properly. e) charitable contributions made by a business to enhance its reputation with stakeholders. a) an organization's obligation to maximize its positive effects and minimize its negative effects on stakeholders. The ______ was/were enacted to restore confidence in financial reporting and business ethics after the accounting scandals of the early 2000s. a) Defense Industry Initiative on Business Ethics and Conduct b) Sarbanes-Oxley Act c) Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations d) Foreign Corrupt Practices Act e) Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act b) Sarbanes-Oxley Act Morals:
a) are the same as principles and ethics. b) relate to the business's ethical culture. c) are emphasized in business ethics programs. d) relate to you and you alone. e) do not have much influence over individual ethical decision making. d) relate to you and you alone. Value are: a) specific and pervasive boundaries for behavior that should not be violated. b) acceptable behavior as defined by the company and industry. c) attempts by businesses to minimize their negative impact on society. d) a person's moral philosophies about what is right or wrong. e) enduring beliefs and ideals that are socially enforced. e) enduring beliefs and ideals that are socially enforced. What happens when society deems a particular business action as wrong or unethical? a) Legislation usually follows. b) The guilty individual is jailed. c) Self-regulation is deemed a failure. d) The company goes bankrupt. e) Fines automatically follow. a) Legislation usually follows.
d) National culture e) Behavioral economics e) Behavioral economics We have an expert-written solution to this problem! Increasing the wealth gap between nations and misusing and misallocating scarce resources are ethical issue accusations related to: a) cultural differences. b) multinational corporations. c) consumerism. d) legal differences. e) international negotiations. b) multinational corporations. __________ occurs when the middle class shrinks, resulting in highly concentrated wealth amongst the rich and a large number of poor people with very few resources. a) Communism b) Socialism c) Bimodal wealth distribution d) A two-class social structure e) Laissez-faire capitalism c) Bimodal wealth distribution
When in Rome, do as the Romans do, or you must adapt to the cultural practices of the country in which you are operating are rationalizations businesspeople sometimes offer for straying from their own ethical values when doing business abroad. This practice is called: a) the self-reference criterion. b) country cultural values. c) consumerism. d) cultural relativism. e) dumping. d) cultural relativism. What concept refers to economic theories advocating the creation of a society where wealth and power are distributed evenly, relative to the amount of work expended in production? a) Rational economics b) Socialism c) Capitalism d) Rational capitalism e) Fascism b) Socialism We have an expert-written solution to this problem! _________ has been codified in a UN document and is defined as an inherent dignity with equal and inalienable rights as the foundation of freedom, justice, and peace in the world. a) Cultural relativism b) Human rights c) Consumerism
a) A field of study to theological discussion to recognition of social issues b) Recognition of social issues to a field of study to theological discussion c) A field of study to recognition of social issues to theological discussion d) Recognition of social issues to theological discussion to a field of study e) Theological discussion to recognition of social issues to a field of study e) Theological discussion to recognition of social issues to a field of study More than a compliance program, business ethics is becoming a) a management issue to achieve competitive advantage. b) a guaranteed way to earn higher financial returns. c) mainly a government regulatory issue. d) an initiative led by nonprofit organizations. e) a program that decreases profits but increases societal benefits. a) a management issue to achieve competitive advantage. We have an expert-written solution to this problem! Employees who view their organizational culture as ethical are more likely to a) ask for a raise. b) use their personal moral philosophies in decision making. c) make personal sacrifices for the organization. d) gain more organizational training. e) have a greater desire to become managers themselves. c) make personal sacrifices for the organization.
Which of the following statements is true about business ethics? a) A firm that has ethical management will succeed financially. b) Codes of ethics should cover every business ethics issue. c) Business ethics focuses more on laws over values. d) Individuals apply the same ethical rules in business as they do at home. e) There is no conflict between profits and business ethics. e) There is no conflict between profits and business ethics. Ethical culture is defined as a) rules, standards, and moral principles regarding what is right or wrong in specific situations. b) the establishment and enforcement of ethical codes throughout the organization. c) the development of rules and norms that are socially enforced. d) the codification of laws to reward organizations for taking action to prevent misconduct. e) acceptable behavior as defined by the company and industry. e) acceptable behavior as defined by the company and industry. Those who have a claim in some aspect of a firm's products, operations, markets, industry, and outcomes are known as a) shareholders. b) stockholders. c) stakeholders. d) claimholders. e) special-interest groups.
d) They provide vital resources that companies need. e) They have legitimacy and can exert power. e) They have legitimacy and can exert power. We have an expert-written solution to this problem! When unethical acts are discovered in a firm, in most instances a) they are caused by unwilling participants. b) the cause is due to external stakeholders. c) the perpetrators are caught and prosecuted. d) there was knowing cooperation or complicity from within the company. e) the cause is a corrupt board of directors. d) there was knowing cooperation or complicity from within the company. The normative approach _________________________. a) focuses on the actual behavior of the firm and usually addresses how decisions and strategies are made for stakeholder relationships b) describes what happens if firms behave in a particular way c) is the degree to which a firm understands and addresses stakeholder demands d) describes reciprocal relationships between the firm and a host of stakeholders e) identifies guidelines that dictate how firms should treat stakeholders e) identifies guidelines that dictate how firms should treat stakeholders Which of the following is not one of the six "spheres of influence" to which individuals are subject when confronted with an ethical issue?
a) Educational attainment b) Workplace c) Family d) Legal system e) Community a) Educational attainment Studies have found that more than a third of the unethical situations that lower- and middle-level managers face come from ________. a) stakeholder expectations and pressures. b) pressures to satisfy customers. c) pressures from the government to perform at a high level. d) internal pressures and ambiguity surrounding internal organizational rules. e) struggles to obey relevant laws. d) internal pressures and ambiguity surrounding internal organizational rules. According to the ethical decision-making framework, the absence of punishment provides a(n) ___________ for unethical behavior. a) reason b) significant other c) individual factor d) opportunity e) ethical issue intensity d) opportunity
d) Cognitive dissonance e) Happiness a) Guilt An ethical corporate culture needs ____________ along with ___________ to establish an ethics program and monitor the complex ethical decisions being made by employees. a) individual ethics; ethical issue intensity b) ethical issue intensity; ethics training c) organizational factors; individual factors d) employee evaluations; good intentions e) shared values; proper oversight e) shared values; proper oversight Moral philosophy refers to a) values developed in an organizational environment. b) the morality of business activities. c) the principles or rules that people use to decide what is right and wrong. d) the legality of business activities. e) the principles or rules that policymakers use to create legislation. c) the principles or rules that people use to decide what is right and wrong. Which moral philosophy evaluates the morality of an action on the basis of its consequences for everyone affected (seeks the greater good for the greatest number)?
a) Act deontology b) Rule deontology c) Egoism d) Utilitarianism e) Hedonism d) Utilitarianism This philosophy stipulates acts are morally right or acceptable if they produce some desired result, such as realization of self-interest or utility. a) Teleology b) Deontology c) The relativist perspective d) Ethical formalism e) Hedonism a) Teleology Which moral philosophy focuses on the rights of individuals and on the intentions associated with a particular behavior, rather than its consequences? a) Deontology b) The relativist perspective c) Teleology d) Egoism e) Utilitarianism a) Deontology
b) Chinese c) Russian d) American e) Canadian d) American The first Earth Day, which increased stakeholder awareness of environmental concerns and the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency, brought ____________ to the forefront. a) corporate social responsibility b) alternative energy sources c) diversity d) sustainability e) competition d) sustainability All of the following are goals of the Environmental Protection Agency, except a) making sure that all Fortune 500 firms have a chief sustainability officer. b) ensuring environmental protection is an integral consideration in U.S. policies. c) managing environmental risks based on empirical information. d) protecting Americans from significant health and environmental risks. e) ensuring the fairness and effectiveness of laws protecting human health and the environment a) making sure that all Fortune 500 firms have a chief sustainability officer.
The __________________ focuses on reducing pollution through cost-effective changes in production, operation, and raw materials use. a) Pollution Prevention Act b) Toxic Substances Control Act c) Clean Air Act d) Energy Policy Act e) Oil Pollution Act a) Pollution Prevention Act All of these are ways of reducing pollution, except a) designing environmentally friendly buildings. b) recycling. c) greenwashing. d) source reduction. e) sustainable agriculture. c) greenwashing. __________ are person-specific, whereas _________ are based on decisions made by groups or when carrying out tasks to meet business objectives. a) Organizational factors; business ethics b) Codes of conduct; individual factors c) Individual factors; codes of conduct d) Business ethics; moral philosophies e) Moral philosophies; business ethics
