PROJECT SEM PSYCHOLOGY BASED ON EMOTIONAL, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Psychology

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PSYCHOLOGY

PROJECT

PRESENTED BY NAME-ASTHA SECTION-A ER- PRESENTED TO – MS ISHA YADAY MA’AM PROFESSOR PSYCHOLOGY EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE – GENDER DIFFRENCE

Contents

1. Acknowledgment

2. Declaration

3. Research Methodology

4. Emotion

5. Emotional intelligence

 Models of emotional intelligence

6. Analysis of gender difference

7. Conclusion

8. References

Acknowledgment

I am grateful to my professor Ms. Isha Yadav for providing me this golden opportunity on work on this interesting topic of ‘Emotional intelligence- gender difference’. I also thank her for continuous support and guidance that she provided for the completion of this project. I would also I like to thank my batch mate for providing me data for my survey. I like to extend gratitude to the library department for proving me relevant books about the subjects. Last but not the least I would like to thank my parents for their continuous motivation.

Gender differences in emotional intelligence

Objective- To examine gender difference in emotional intelligence Research Questions –  What is emotion?  What is emotional intelligence?  Who is more emotional intelligent? Hypothesis - Women are more emotional intelligent than men. Research Methodology -

For the purpose of this research I relied primarily on review of literature.

Emotional intelligence refers to the ability to perceive, control, and evaluate emotions. This term made its appearance initially at 1964, but gained limelight in 1995 through a book written by Daniel Golman. Peter Salovey and John D. Mayer originate the term ‘Emotional Intelligence’ in 1990. According to them ‘a form of social intelligence that involves the ability to monitor one’s own and others’ feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them, and to use this information to guide one’s thinking and action’. In 1995, the concept of emotional intelligence was popularized after the publication of Daniel Goleman’s book ‘Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ’ which we have used as the basis for EI content in our Organisational Leadership Skills course. Below is an overview of a couple of the other prominent models mentioned above in the development of EI theory. Models of Emotional Intelligence Emotional Intelligence as a field of psychology consists of several theories and models. Different models of EI have led to the development of various instruments for the assessment of the construct. There are majorly three models of emotional intelligence. The three model of emotional intelligence are-  Ability model  Trait model  Mixed model Ability model of Emotional intelligence The relationship between emotion and intelligence is a debated topic both in society and scientific world. One of early research in this area was done by Salovey and Mayer. They both combined together the existing psychological literature on general contributions of emotion and emotionality to personality and suggested a new concept of how to connect the two psychological concepts of intelligence and emotion. They proposed and published the formal concept of EI as a guiding framework for the integration of an exciting but scattered body of

research on individual differences in the capacity to process, and adapt to emotional information. Earlier according to them EI comprises three conceptually related mental processes involving emotional information: (a) The appraisal and expression of emotion, (b) The regulation or control of emotion (c) The utilization of emotion in adaptive ways The ability model comprises of four types of ability:

 Perceiving emotions- Emotional perception is the necessary to complete any other

process of this model. A person can recognize emotion through facial expression, voices, body language etc. It also include ability to indentify own emotions.  Using emotions -The second activity proposed by the Ability Model relates to a person's ability to use emotions. The ability to harness emotions to facilitate various cognitive activities, such as thinking and problem-solving. The emotionally intelligent person can capitalize fully upon his or her changing moods in order to best fit the task at hand.  Understanding emotions – the ability to comprehend emotion language and to appreciate complicated relationships among emotions. Many people are able recognize facial expression but not able to comprehend the emotion behind it.  Managing emotions -Emotions can be managed. A person needs to understand emotions convey information. To the extent that it is under voluntary control, a person may want to remain open emotional signals so long as they are not too painful, and block out those that are overwhelming. In between, within the person's emotional comfort zone, it becomes possible to regulate and manage one's own and others' emotions so as to promote one's own and others' personal and social goals. The means and methods for emotional self-regulation has become a topic of increasing research in this decade. Therefore, the emotionally intelligent person can harness emotions, even negative ones, and manage them to achieve intended goals. Trait model

7. Reflect on the usefulness of the response and what lesson you would like to take away. (The Emotionally Intelligent Team by Marcia Hughes and James Bradford Terrell, 2007, pg. 76-77) Self Management – Self management is the ability to manage ones feeling and emotions. It helps react correctly in different situation. It is supported by self awareness capacity. The aim of this identifies the troublesome situation and manages the feelings. It helps to deal with negative situation. There are few skills that enhance self management. Some of the skills are- Role Clarity, Goal alignment, Strategic planning, emotion regulation, setting priorities etc. Relationship Management- Ten percent of conflict in life is due to the difference in opinion and rest is due to the delivery and tone of voice while giving statements. – Anonymous The ability to take charge of one’s emotion while considering the feelings of others during any conversation helps to protect and grow any relationship. This process on whole is termed as relationship management .This helps to derive desired results from any discussion. It helps to resolve conflicts. It can also be seen as collaboration. Social Awareness Social Awareness is the ability to accurately notice the emotions of others and “read” situations appropriately. It is about sensing what other people are thinking and feeling to be able to take their perspective using your capacity for empathy. Goleman explains, our ability actually comes from neurons in an extended circuitry connected to the amygdale. They read another person’s face, voice, etc. for emotion and help direct us how we should speak to them. Our brains take note how the other person responded and the amygdale and connected circuits keep us in an interpersonal loop of emotional connection. In order to do this, we must have already become aware of the emotions of others around us and the circumstances that impacted them. Social awareness is all about noticing the person in the room that is frustrated by the task at hand and responding in a way that can prevent further negative emotions.

Methodology Research Design .Emotion intelligence is the ability to understand, use, and manage your own emotions defuse conflicts of life. This study is done to examine emotional intelligence of the sample and to see whether gender of person impact their EQ. This study also tries to examine which gender has greater EQ. Sampling frame included persons age 17-20. For the conduct for my project I have chosen Daniel Goleman model for analyzing emotional intelligence of the respondent. According to this model, four constructs are there- self – awareness, self – management, social awareness and relationship management. In questionnaire, statements about there were designed to analyze these four parameters. Responses were collected in form of four expressions – Always, usually, sometimes and never. These expressions are assigned points from 0 to 3. Highest point 3 is expression always while lowest 0 to never. Population For the study of this project, the majority of the population where students. Total sample size was 102. Data collection technique To indentify emotional intelligence of respondent I had created a questionnaire. The questionnaire was based Daniel Goleman model of emotional intelligence. It considers four factors – self awareness, self management, social awareness and relationship management. Then I circulated the questionnaire through social media to collect the response.

Male 7.45 2. Female 7.89 2. In the table, individually all sphere of EQ are compared to know in what areas gender plays a significant. According to the survey, in self awareness on an average male outperformed and showed greater tendency than women. Under second condition which was self management of emotion women scored higher than men. In social awareness male performed better than women. In the last dimension that is relationship management women scored higher than men. Discussion and conclusion The objective of this project was to test the gender difference in the four competencies of emotional intelligence (self awareness, self management, social awareness and relationship management) as well as EI as a whole construct. Women performed better in relationship and self management. While men performed better in self awareness and social awareness and in overall Emotional intelligence test. On the whole, based on this study, there is no significant difference in emotional intelligence of both genders. They both posses almost similar EQ. This Result can also be inferred from studies done by Daniel Goldman in 1998. In that study he stated there is no difference between male and female. He stated in this that men and women may have different profile of strengths in different aspects of emotional intelligence but their overall level of emotional intelligence is equivalent to each other. Therefore, it proved my hypothesis incorrect. Limitation of this study One of the limitations of this study is that it catered only two genders for the comparison of data. It did not provided data regarding LGBTQ community. Other limitation of this study was it was done within the one range of age, which would not provide the overview of the whole gender.

References

 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/

320621079_Emotions_Psychology/link/5a700510a6fdcc33daa7e230/

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 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotion

 http://psychology.iresearchnet.com/social-psychology/emotions/

 https://www.universalclass.com/articles/self-help/emotional-intelligence/

emotional-intelligence-the-ability-model.htm

 https://www.eqi.org/4bmodel.htm#The%201997%20Mayer-Salovey

%204%20Branch%20Model%20of%20Emotional%20Intelligence

 https://www.universalclass.com/articles/self-help/emotional-intelligence/

emotional-intelligence-the-ability-model.htm

 OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION, What is Emotional Intelligence, Crystal Ott  https://www.betterup.com/blog/what-is-self-management-and-how-can-you-improve-it  https://www.google.com/url? sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwi6maCTzYX0AhVSOSsKHZpiCT4QFnoEC DsQAw&url=https%3A%2F%2Fohio4h.org%2Fsites%2Fohio4h%2Ffiles%2Fimce%2FEmotional %2520Intelligence%2520Background.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0s7f653H6RAOQgnO-BVVkP  Jain Vibhor, Jain Smrita ,Rastogi Prachi , An analysis for role emotional intelligence in career success in commercial banks of India. Retrieved from http://www.1.revistaespacios.com/a20v41n05/20410510.html