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A comprehensive overview of various aspects of prokaryotic cells and microbial diversity. It covers topics such as the goal of bioremediation, the impact of broad-spectrum antibiotics on intestinal bacteria, the role of prokaryotes in the nitrogen cycle, the evolution of aerobic respiration, the origin of chloroplasts, the cambrian explosion, the cell theory, the black death pandemic, the characteristics of prokaryotic cells, genetic recombination in prokaryotes, the importance of decomposers in ecosystems, the characteristics of cyanobacteria, the definition of mutualism, the evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and the differences between autotrophy and heterotrophy. The document also includes detailed explanations and answers to multiple-choice questions on these topics, making it a valuable resource for students studying microbiology, biology, and related fields.
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What is the goal of bioremediation? - ✔✔To clean up areas polluted with toxic compounds using bacteria Broad-spectrum antibiotics inhibit the growth of most intestinal bacteria. Consequently, assuming that nothing is done to counter the reduction of intestinal bacteria, a hospital patient who is receiving broad- spectrum antibiotics is most likely to become - ✔✔deficient in certain vitamins and nutrients If prokaryotes did not exist, what would change in the nitrogen cycle? - ✔✔The rate of movement of nitrogen atoms through ecosystems would be much slower Multicellularity and large body size of eukaryotic organisms require high metabolic rates and efficient ATP production by aerobic respiration. How did bacteria change Earth's atmosphere to enable aerobic respiration? - ✔✔Oxygenic photosynthesis by cyanobacteria significantly increased the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere. Which of the following would be useful in creating a phylogenetic tree of a vertebrate taxon? I. morphological data from fossil species II. genetic sequences from living species III. behavioral data from living species - ✔✔I,II, and III Whatever its ultimate cause(s), the Cambrian explosion is a prime example of ___________ - ✔✔Adaptive radiation When single lineage produces many descendant species with a wide range of adaptive forms. - ✔✔Adaptive Radiation
Chloroplasts found in plants arose via _____ - ✔✔endosymbiosis of cyanobacteria Cambrian explosion time frame? - ✔✔540 MYA One part of the cell theory states that all cells come from _____ - ✔✔pre-existing cells In comparison to eukaryotes, prokaryotes_______ - ✔✔are smaller In the 14th century, what reduced European human population by 30-60%? - ✔✔Black Death pandemic or bubonic plague
Prokaryotes reproduce by asexual (fission.) However, in order to transfer the DNA they use a method called conjugation. Genetic recombination which literally means "recombining genes" is important so the prokaryotic cells can produce cells with new gene combinations in order to evolve. - ✔✔
a) Decomposers excrete nutrients after consuming dead organisms, making nutrients available to primary producers. b) Decomposers obtain energy and nutrients by consuming dead organisms. Much of this energy and nutrients are transferred to organisms that subsequently consume these decomposers. c) Decomposers convert light energy to energy stored in biomass (through autotrophy). d Statements a and b are both accurate and explain why decomposers are important in ecosystems. - ✔✔d Statements a and b are both accurate and explain why decomposers are important in ecosystems.
d. all individuals of the same species that inhabit that same geographic area - ✔✔All individuals of the same species that inhabit that same geographical area. With your partner, brainstorm some ideas explaining why a human is less likely to die from a bacterial infection in the year 2017 than in the year 1865 - ✔✔Due to emergence of the "Germ Theory of Disease", good hygiene is more likely to be practiced when treating patients in 2017 than in 1865. We have a better understanding of pathogenic bacteria life cycles in 2017 than in 1865. Antibiotics are available to treat bacterial diseases in 2017. What are the two mechanisms of energy acquisition? - ✔✔Autotrophy ex: photosynthesis and heterotrophy ex: consumption
c) autotrophy d) chloroplasts, heterotrophy, and autotrophy (i.e., all of the above). - ✔✔b) heterotrophy