Properties of Matter
Section 4.2 of the textbook
pp. 149 -155
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Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter, Study notes of Chemistry
An overview of physical and chemical properties of matter. It discusses qualitative and quantitative observations, physical properties such as color, texture, lustre, clarity, state of matter, hardness, malleability, ductility, melting point, boiling point, crystal form, solubility, viscosity, density, and conductivity. It also mentions chemical properties like combustion, reaction with acid, and reaction with other chemicals.
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Properties of Matter
Section 4.2 of the textbook pp. 149 - 155
Qualitative Observations
Qualitative observations โ observations that are descriptive and require no measurement. They are usually determined through the use of your senses (sight, smell, taste, touch or hearing). ****Using the senses of taste, touch and smell may be hazardous!! WHY?**
Physical Properties
- Physical properties are characteristics or descriptions of a substance that may be observed or measured.
- The substance remains the same, it is not made into a new substance, when you observe physical properties.
Physical Properties
- In determining the properties of a substance, you make qualitative or quantitative observations.
Colour vision
When you see colour, you are seeing the light that reflects from an object. The lemon reflects yellow light and absorbs the other colours of light.
Physical Properties of Matter
Texture โ observed using your sense of touch. It is how a substance feels. Examples of textures are scratchy, rough, bumpy, smooth. If the substance being observed is sharp, poisonous or corrosive, it will be dangerous to observe this property. Check with your teacher first
Physical Properties of Matter
Clarity โ the ability to see an object or light through another object. There are three degrees of clarity:
Clarity
1. Transparent โ able to see an object and light through the object without obstruction. May be described as clear.
Clarity
3. Opaque โ not allowing light or an image to be seen though. The grey side of this oval is opaque.
Physical Properties of Matter
State of Matter โ this property
relates to the shape and volume
occupied by substances. The state
is related to how the particles in an
object are connected together.
State of Matter
Liquids โ maintain their volume but will change to take the shape of their container
State of Matter
Gases โ take on the shape and volume of (will fill up) their container. The particles move quickly and randomly.
Physical Properties of Matter
Hardness โ the ability of an
object to resist being scratched.
This property is observed by
comparing two substances.
Hardness
Objects may be hard (can scratch another substance) or soft (able to be scratched). E.g. If a diamond is rubbed on a mirror with enough force it may scratch the mirror. The diamond is hard, and the mirror is soft.