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An overview of physical and chemical properties of matter. It discusses qualitative and quantitative observations, physical properties such as color, texture, lustre, clarity, state of matter, hardness, malleability, ductility, melting point, boiling point, crystal form, solubility, viscosity, density, and conductivity. It also mentions chemical properties like combustion, reaction with acid, and reaction with other chemicals.
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Section 4.2 of the textbook pp. 149 - 155
Qualitative observations โ observations that are descriptive and require no measurement. They are usually determined through the use of your senses (sight, smell, taste, touch or hearing). ****Using the senses of taste, touch and smell may be hazardous!! WHY?**
When you see colour, you are seeing the light that reflects from an object. The lemon reflects yellow light and absorbs the other colours of light.
Texture โ observed using your sense of touch. It is how a substance feels. Examples of textures are scratchy, rough, bumpy, smooth. If the substance being observed is sharp, poisonous or corrosive, it will be dangerous to observe this property. Check with your teacher first
Clarity โ the ability to see an object or light through another object. There are three degrees of clarity:
1. Transparent โ able to see an object and light through the object without obstruction. May be described as clear.
3. Opaque โ not allowing light or an image to be seen though. The grey side of this oval is opaque.
Liquids โ maintain their volume but will change to take the shape of their container
Gases โ take on the shape and volume of (will fill up) their container. The particles move quickly and randomly.
Objects may be hard (can scratch another substance) or soft (able to be scratched). E.g. If a diamond is rubbed on a mirror with enough force it may scratch the mirror. The diamond is hard, and the mirror is soft.