Protein Synthesis: A Comprehensive Guide with Exercises, Study notes of Health sciences

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Word exercise

• Invention Creation
• Vacation Assimilation
• Application Conjugation

Words mean something!

• Many words that end in “tion” mean a process or action
• Name a history word that ends in tion. Does it involve a process/action?
• Name an English word that ends in “tion”. Does it involve action?
• You are going to learn a lot of words in Biology that end in “tion”. Suffixes and prefixes can help you determine meaning. So remember “tion” makes a noun or a process out of an action verb!

Central Dogma

Protein synthesis occurs in new cells like skin cells during the G1(gap1) or growth phase of cell cycle

http://www.cellsalive.com/cell_cycle.htm

Protein Synthesis (making

proteins)

Involves 2 processes and several steps (image from London Health Sciences)

A. Transcrip tion- The first process. The literal definition of transcription is an action meaning “to transcribe”, copy, or convert something!

B. Transla tion -the 2nd^ Process in Protein Synthesis- In the cytoplasm of the cell!

“tion” practice:

• Based on your experience/knowledge so far. What does translation mean?
• The process of translating a message. In the cell, the mRNA and ribosomes “translate” the DNA code or message to proteins! 

Ribosomes translate message into proteins

• mRNA decodes/copies the DNA nucleotides(e.g. AGT) into a matching codon sequence (e.g. UCA)that codes for specific amino acids like Serine.
• The sequence is taken to the ribosomes (rRNA) to build the proteins.
• The ribosomes read the codons to tRNA who can then get the proper amino acid to put into the Click on the picture to see a video.polypeptide chain/protein.

Some of the proteins

made by cell’s ribosomes

during protein synthesis include enzymes like polymerase!

Describe to your partner what is happening in this picture.

Label the correct process for each side of the picture:

Protein Synthesis (making

proteins)SUMMARY

Involves 2 processes and several steps (image from London Health Sciences)

• There are 20 amino acids found in different combinations in proteins.
• Like a genetic message/sentence that needs punctuation: AUGUAGUACCUCAGA-RNA is broken into codon “words” AUG-UAG-UAC-CUC-AGA

Codon sequence

• Has start and stop codons – these do not code for an amino acid only to tell when to start and stop translation.
• Start = AUG = methionine (like “The”)
• Stop = UAA, UGA, UAG (like a period)