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PSIO 201 – EXAM 2 – UNIVERSITY OF
ARIZONA ACTUAL EXAM WITH CORRECT
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECTLY
WELL DEFINED ANSWERS LATEST 2025
ALREADY GRADED A+
Acromegaly - ANSWERS-Hyper secretion of growth hormone after puberty(epiphyseal plates of long bones already closed)
Estrogen & Testosterone - ANSWERS-Both stimulate osteoblast activity;stimulate bone formation
Osteoporosis - ANSWERS-Porous bones (reduced bone mass) Articulations - ANSWERS-Contact point between bone & bone, bone & cartilage,or bone & teeth
Arthrology - ANSWERS-The study of joints Kinesiology - ANSWERS-The study of body motion Fibrous - ANSWERS-Dense irregular CT between bones Osteoblasts - ANSWERS-Build bone Osteocytes - ANSWERS-Maintenance of bone Osteoclasts - ANSWERS-Break down bone Bone Modeling - ANSWERS-Bone formed by osteoblasts without prior boneresorption
Bone Remodeling - ANSWERS-Bone resorbed by osteoclasts and then formed byosteoblasts
Cartilage Tissue - ANSWERS-Chondrocytes; gel-like substance containingproteoglycan, elastic, collagen, or reticular fibers
Bone Types - ANSWERS-Long, Short, Flat, Irregular, Sesamoid, Sutural,Pneumatized
Scurvy (Organic) - ANSWERS-Vitamin C deficiency impairs collagen synthesis andleads to brittle bones
Sponge Bone Organization - ANSWERS-Irregular lattice of thin plates calledtrabeculae; Osteocytes house in lacunae
Spongy Bone Location - ANSWERS-Epiphyses of long bones; surroundingmarrow cavities; flat, short, irregular bones
Spongy Bone Functions - ANSWERS-Withstand forces from many directions;Lightens the skeleton; Contains red marrow for hemopoiesis
Compact Bone Organization - ANSWERS-Solid network of bone organized inconcentric ring structures called osteons; Osteocytes housed in lacunae
Compact Bone Location - ANSWERS-External layer of all bones; Diaphysis of longbones
Compact Bone Function - ANSWERS-Gives long bones ability to withstand forcesalong longitudinal axis
Osteons - ANSWERS-The functional units of compact bone
Fontanels - ANSWERS-Soft spots of skull; Membranous in infant Epiphysis of Long Bones - ANSWERS-Cartilage in infant Epiphyseal plates - ANSWERS-Remain cartilage until "adulthood" (end ofpuberty)
Fetus Bones - ANSWERS-Composed of mesenchyme and hyaline cartilage Ossification - ANSWERS-Replacement of (non-bone) CT by bone Intramembranous Ossification - ANSWERS-"within membrane"; mesenchyme --> bone
Endochondral Ossification - ANSWERS-"inside cartilage"; mesenchyme -->cartilage --> bone
Primary Ossification - ANSWERS-Marrow cavity formed; Replaces all cartilagewith bone; Located in diaphysis; Occurs before birth
Secondary Ossification - ANSWERS-No marrow cavity; Some cartilage left(epiphyseal plates, articular cartilage); Located in epiphyses; Occurs around time of birth
Open (compound) - ANSWERS-Complete, displaced fracture in which one ormore broken pieces of bone break the skin
3 Steps of Repair for Bone Fractures - ANSWERS-1. Fracture hematomaformation
- Callus formation
- Bone remodeling Tx for Bone Fractures - ANSWERS-Immobilization, Reduction Closed Reduction - ANSWERS-Setting & splinting of bones for natural healing Open reduction - ANSWERS-Surgical use of rods, plates, pins, to position bonesand bone fragments correctly for healing
Factors that Affect Bone - ANSWERS-Diet; Hormones; Exercise Calcium Homeostasis Goal - ANSWERS-Keep blood Ca+2 in normal range (8.5-11.0 mg/dl)
Calcitonin Stimulus - ANSWERS-High blood calcium
Calcitonin Source - ANSWERS-Thyroid gland Calcitonin Target Tissues - ANSWERS-Bone, kidney, intestines Calcitonin Actions - ANSWERS-Inhibits osteoclast activity; increases excretion ofcalcium at kidney; inhibits intestinal absorption of calcium
Calcitonin End Result - ANSWERS-Decrease blood calcium concentration Parathyroid Hormone Stimulus - ANSWERS-Low Blood Calcium Parathyroid Hormone Source - ANSWERS-Parathyroid Gland Parathyroid Hormone Target Tissues - ANSWERS-Bone, kidney, intestines Parathyroid Hormone Actions - ANSWERS-Stimulates osteoclast activity;decreases excretion of calcium at kidney; stimulates intestinal absorption of calcium; promotes calcitrol action Parathyroid Hormone End Result - ANSWERS-Increase blood calciumconcentration
Calcitrol - ANSWERS-Active from of Vitamin D
Diathrosis - ANSWERS-A joint which is freely moveable Types of Synarthroses - ANSWERS-Suture, gomphosis, synchondorsis Types of Amphiathroses - ANSWERS-Syndemosis, Interosseous Membrane,Symphysis
Types of Diathroses - ANSWERS-Gliding joint, Hinge joint, Pivot joint, Condyloidjoint, Saddle joint, Ball-and-socket joint
Tx for Bone Fractures - ANSWERS-
