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PSY 2000 DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
FINAL EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) PLUS
RATIONALES 2025 GALEN COLLEGE OF
NURSING
- At what stage of development do individuals typically begin to form a self-concept? a. Infancy b. Toddlerhood c. Adolescence d. Late adulthood Self-concept begins forming during toddlerhood as children start to recognize themselves as separate individuals.
- According to Erikson, the major conflict of adolescence is: a. Trust vs. Mistrust b. Industry vs. Inferiority
c. Identity vs. Role Confusion d. Intimacy vs. Isolation Erikson's theory states that adolescents face the challenge of developing a sense of personal identity.
- Piaget’s sensorimotor stage primarily occurs during which age range? a. Birth to 2 years b. 2 to 7 years c. 7 to 11 years d. 12 years and up In the sensorimotor stage, infants learn about the world through senses and motor actions.
- What is object permanence? a. Understanding moral rules b. Understanding that objects continue to exist even when not seen c. Ability to use symbols d. Fear of strangers Object permanence is a key developmental milestone in the sensorimotor stage.
- Which theorist emphasized the importance of social interaction in cognitive development? a. Piaget b. Freud c. Vygotsky
d. Resistant Secure attachment reflects a healthy bond where the child trusts the caregiver will return.
- Which of the following is a fine motor skill? a. Walking b. Jumping c. Drawing d. Running Fine motor skills involve small muscle movements like those needed for drawing or writing.
- What marks the onset of adolescence? a. School entry b. Puberty c. Cognitive maturity d. Identity formation Puberty is the biological marker for the beginning of adolescence.
- According to Erikson, young adults face which psychosocial conflict? a. Generativity vs. Stagnation b. Intimacy vs. Isolation c. Identity vs. Role Confusion d. Trust vs. Mistrust
Young adults must form close, meaningful relationships or face loneliness and isolation.
- The ability to think hypothetically and reason abstractly develops in which Piaget stage? a. Concrete operational b. Preoperational c. Sensorimotor d. Formal operational Formal operational thinking allows individuals to handle abstract and hypothetical concepts.
- A teratogen is: a. Any agent that can harm a developing fetus b. A developmental delay c. A cognitive stimulant d. A genetic mutation Teratogens like drugs, alcohol, and certain infections can cause birth defects or complications.
- What is the primary task in late adulthood according to Erikson? a. Identity vs. Role Confusion b. Intimacy vs. Isolation c. Industry vs. Inferiority d. Integrity vs. Despair
Scaffolding involves providing temporary help until the learner becomes independent.
- What is temperament? a. An individual’s characteristic mood and emotional style b. Learned behavior c. Parenting strategy d. Intelligence level Temperament is the biologically based tendency to respond emotionally and behaviorally.
- A child learning to tie their shoes is in which of Erikson’s stages? a. Initiative vs. Guilt b. Industry vs. Inferiority c. Autonomy vs. Shame d. Trust vs. Mistrust This stage involves developing competence and a sense of mastery in school-age children.
- What is imprinting? a. A rapid form of attachment in animals b. A form of learning through punishment c. Emotional detachment d. Moral internalization Imprinting, seen in some animals, is a strong attachment formed shortly after birth.
- What does the term “zone of proximal development” refer to? a. Skills a child already knows b. Skills they will never learn c. Skills a child can learn with guidance d. Average developmental level This concept by Vygotsky refers to the gap between what a child can do alone vs. with help.
- Which stage involves learning to trust caregivers? a. Trust vs. Mistrust b. Autonomy vs. Shame c. Initiative vs. Guilt d. Identity vs. Role Confusion This first psychosocial stage lays the foundation for future relationships.
- What is a developmental milestone of the preoperational stage? a. Logical thinking b. Symbolic thinking c. Abstract thought d. Hypothetical reasoning Children in this stage begin to use language and symbols to represent objects.
- What kind of play involves children playing next to each other without interaction?
b. Anxiety over being separated from parents c. A type of phobia d. Avoidant behavior in adults Stranger anxiety usually emerges around 8 months when infants become wary of unfamiliar people.
- Which theorist proposed the psychosocial stages of development? a. Freud b. Piaget c. Kohlberg d. Erikson Erikson outlined eight stages of psychosocial development across the lifespan.
- Which best defines resilience in childhood development? a. Avoiding stress b. The ability to adapt well to adversity c. High intelligence d. Social withdrawal Resilience is a child’s ability to bounce back from challenges and thrive despite difficulties.
- Which behavior is typical of the concrete operational stage? a. Pretend play b. Logical thinking about concrete events
c. Understanding abstract math d. Lack of conservation In the concrete operational stage, children think logically but still struggle with abstract ideas.
- The inability to see a situation from another’s point of view is called: a. Conservation b. Egocentrism c. Animism d. Centration Egocentrism is a key trait in the preoperational stage, limiting perspective-taking.
- Which type of memory is most affected by aging? a. Semantic memory b. Procedural memory c. Working memory d. Emotional memory Working memory tends to decline with age, affecting multitasking and attention.
- Adolescents often believe that others are always watching or judging them. This is called: a. Personal fable b. Imaginary audience
d. Democratic Permissive parenting lacks structure and boundaries, which can hinder self-discipline development.
- What is the focus of Kohlberg’s theory? a. Moral development b. Attachment styles c. Emotional regulation d. Psychosexual stages Kohlberg’s theory outlines the progression of moral reasoning through developmental stages.
- The belief that inanimate objects have thoughts and feelings is called: a. Egocentrism b. Animism c. Symbolism d. Centration Animism is common in the preoperational stage when children attribute life to nonliving things.
- Which of the following is a risk factor for delayed language development? a. Attending preschool b. Bilingual household c. Hearing impairment
d. Sibling interactions Hearing impairments interfere with auditory input, which is crucial for language development.
- Which area of the brain is responsible for higher-order thinking and decision-making? a. Occipital lobe b. Cerebellum c. Prefrontal cortex d. Brainstem The prefrontal cortex is involved in reasoning, planning, and impulse control.
- The term “menarche” refers to: a. Menopause b. First ovulation c. First menstruation d. Hormonal imbalance Menarche is the first menstrual period, signaling the onset of reproductive capability.
- The "personal fable" in adolescence refers to: a. Thinking others judge you b. Believing your experiences are unique and special c. Risk aversion d. Reduced self-awareness
- What is the Apgar score used for? a. Measuring cognitive development b. Assessing newborn physical health c. Diagnosing developmental disorders d. Determining gestational age The Apgar score is a quick assessment of a newborn's heart rate, respiration, and reflexes.
- What does the term “neuroplasticity” refer to? a. The brain’s size b. The brain’s ability to reorganize and adapt c. Genetic programming d. Declining memory Neuroplasticity allows the brain to adapt to experiences, especially after injury or during learning.
- In late adulthood, cognitive decline can often be minimized by: a. Avoiding social contact b. Medication only c. Staying mentally and physically active d. Retirement Mental stimulation, physical activity, and social interaction help maintain cognitive health.
- Which theorist is known for the psychosexual stages of development?
a. Freud b. Erikson c. Vygotsky d. Bandura Freud proposed that early childhood experiences shape personality through psychosexual stages.
- The stage of development from ages 2–6 is commonly referred to as: a. Infancy b. Late childhood c. Early childhood d. Adolescence Early childhood includes preschool years, where language and motor skills rapidly grow.
- What is the role of the amygdala in development? a. Language processing b. Emotional regulation c. Motor coordination d. Visual perception The amygdala is involved in processing emotions like fear and aggression.
- Which reflex causes infants to turn their head toward a touch on the cheek?
c. Attachment disorders d. Language acquisition The still-face experiment reveals how babies respond to lack of emotional engagement from caregivers.
- What is the key developmental task of preschool years according to Erikson? a. Trust vs. Mistrust b. Autonomy vs. Shame c. Initiative vs. Guilt d. Industry vs. Inferiority This stage emphasizes children initiating activities and learning confidence in their ideas.
- What does longitudinal research involve? a. Comparing different age groups at one point in time b. Studying the same individuals over time c. Conducting experiments d. Randomized control trials Longitudinal studies track the same individuals across years to observe developmental changes.
- What is centration in cognitive development? a. Balancing multiple tasks b. Focusing on one aspect of a situation c. Repeating actions
d. Abstract reasoning Centration is when a child focuses on one element, often missing the bigger picture.
- According to Bandura, learning occurs through: a. Reinforcement b. Trial and error c. Observation and imitation d. Repetition Bandura’s social learning theory emphasizes modeling and observing others’ behavior.
- What is a key feature of emerging adulthood? a. Marriage and children b. Declining cognitive ability c. Exploration of identity and roles d. Midlife crisis Emerging adulthood involves exploring life choices before full adult responsibilities.
- What does “theory of mind” refer to? a. Understanding that others have thoughts and feelings b. Learning how to read c. Memory of dreams d. High intelligence
