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PSY 2000 DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
FINAL EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) PLUS
RATIONALES 2025 GALEN COLLEGE OF
NURSING
1. Which of the following best defines developmental psychology? A. The study of how the brain functions in adulthood B. The scientific study of how people grow, develop, and change throughout the lifespan C. The study of genetic disorders D. The study of intelligence across cultures Developmental psychology examines growth and change throughout life, including physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development.
2. Which research method follows the same individuals over a long period of time? A. Cross-sectional B. Experimental C. Longitudinal D. Case study A longitudinal study tracks the same participants over time, which allows researchers to observe developmental changes. 3. Erikson’s stage of "Integrity vs. Despair" occurs in which period? A. Adolescence B. Young adulthood C. Middle adulthood D. Late adulthood This stage involves reflecting on life and either feeling a sense of fulfillment or regret. 4. Piaget believed that children actively construct knowledge through which process? A. Conditioning B. Schemas and adaptation C. Reflexive responses D. Instinctual learning
C. Permissive D. Neglectful Authoritative parenting combines warmth with structure, leading to better outcomes.
8. During adolescence, what part of the brain is still developing? A. Brain stem B. Prefrontal cortex C. Cerebellum D. Medulla The prefrontal cortex, responsible for decision-making and impulse control, matures last. 9. Which of the following best describes menopause? A. Decrease in testosterone in men B. The natural end of a woman’s reproductive cycle C. The beginning of puberty D. An increase in estrogen Menopause marks the cessation of menstruation and a drop in reproductive hormones.
10. Vygotsky emphasized the importance of what in cognitive development? A. Biology B. Social interaction C. Reflexes D. Inborn schemas Vygotsky believed that learning is socially mediated and culture shapes cognition. 11. What does the term "teratogen" refer to? A. A genetic disease B. A safe nutrient C. An environmental agent that harms a fetus D. A hormone Teratogens like alcohol, drugs, or infections can interfere with prenatal development. 12. Which of the following is a secondary sex characteristic? A. Testes development B. Facial hair in males C. Ovaries D. Menarche
15. What is a common cognitive change in late adulthood? A. Loss of all memory B. Slower processing speed C. Increased fluid intelligence D. Increased multitasking Older adults typically experience slower cognitive processing, though not always memory loss. 16. Which theory states that aging results from accumulated cellular damage? A. Activity theory B. Disengagement theory C. Wear-and-tear theory D. Socioemotional selectivity theory The wear-and-tear theory suggests that aging results from physical deterioration. 17. What is the term for the time when adolescents believe others are watching them? A. Personal fable B. Imaginary audience C. Egocentrism D. Self-consciousness
Imaginary audience refers to the adolescent belief that everyone is watching and judging them.
18. What is the most developed sense in a newborn? A. Vision B. Hearing C. Smell D. Taste Newborns have limited vision, but their hearing is quite developed at birth. 19. What is the APGAR score used for? A. Genetic screening B. Assessing newborn health C. Predicting IQ D. Diagnosing autism APGAR evaluates newborns’ vital signs right after birth. 20. The term "scaffolding" is associated with which theorist? A. Freud B. Piaget C. Vygotsky D. Skinner
C. Understanding that objects exist even when not seen D. Walking Object permanence is a major cognitive milestone in the sensorimotor stage.
24. Which stage of grief involves disbelief or refusal to accept reality? A. Bargaining B. Depression C. Denial D. Anger Denial is the first stage in Kübler-Ross's model of grief. 25. Which of the following best defines temperament? A. Intelligence level B. A person's typical emotional reactivity and intensity C. Learned behavior D. Moral development Temperament is a biologically based pattern of emotional responses. 26. Which theorist proposed psychosocial stages of development? A. Freud B. Erikson
C. Piaget D. Skinner Erikson’s theory covers development from infancy to late adulthood.
27. Which factor is considered a protective factor in child development? A. Poverty B. Low birth weight C. Abuse D. Supportive caregiving Positive caregiving supports emotional and cognitive development. 28. What physical milestone is usually achieved last in infancy? A. Sitting up B. Rolling over C. Holding head up D. Walking Walking typically occurs around 12–15 months of age. 29. What is the average age range for puberty onset in girls? A. 6– 8 B. 10– 12 C. 14– 16
C. Procedural memory D. Implicit memory Working memory becomes less efficient in older adults.
33. Which of the following best describes gender identity? A. Sexual orientation B. A person’s sense of being male or female C. Chromosomal makeup D. Social role expectations Gender identity refers to how one perceives themselves regarding gender. 34. Which psychologist developed the hierarchy of needs? A. Freud B. Piaget C. Maslow D. Vygotsky Maslow proposed a motivational theory including needs like safety and self-actualization. 35. Which sense is least developed at birth? A. Hearing B. Vision
C. Taste D. Smell Vision is blurry at birth; newborns see best about 8–12 inches away.
36. Which prenatal stage involves implantation? A. Germinal B. Embryonic C. Fetal D. Neonatal The germinal stage includes fertilization, travel to the uterus, and implantation. 37. Which concept refers to how people understand the aging process? A. Chronological age B. Objective health C. Ageism D. Lifespan development Ageism refers to stereotypes and discrimination based on age. 38. What is a risk of adolescent brain development? A. Increased memory B. Impulsive behavior due to immature prefrontal cortex
D. Intuition Social norms are expectations that guide behavior in a culture.
42. What is the leading cause of death in late adulthood? A. Injuries B. Chronic diseases C. Suicide D. Infections Chronic conditions such as heart disease and cancer are major causes in older adults. 43. What is the best example of assimilation? A. Changing a schema B. Fitting new info into an existing schema C. Learning from others D. Language development Assimilation involves incorporating new experiences into known concepts. **44. The rooting reflex is: A. Voluntary movement of arms B. Turning the head toward a touch on the cheek C. Kicking legs when startled
D. Following with the eyes The rooting reflex helps newborns locate food sources like a nipple.
45. What is “generativity” according to Erikson? A. Concern with one’s own pleasure B. Building intimacy C. Desire to contribute to the next generation D. Personal identity development Generativity is a focus on legacy and guiding future generations in midlife. 46. What is the zone of proximal development? A. Area where intelligence grows B. Range between what a learner can do alone vs. with help C. Classroom seating model D. Social hierarchy Vygotsky introduced this to explain the optimal learning zone with guidance. 47. Which of the following is true about adolescence? A. Brain is fully developed B. Identity exploration is central C. Logical reasoning is absent
C. Cognitive D. Psychoanalytic Classical conditioning (Pavlov) is a key part of behaviorist theory.
51. According to Erikson, which crisis must toddlers resolve? A. Trust vs. Mistrust B. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt C. Initiative vs. Guilt D. Industry vs. Inferiority Toddlers strive to develop a sense of independence and self-control. 52. Which of the following is a characteristic of Piaget’s preoperational stage? A. Abstract thinking B. Logical reasoning C. Egocentrism D. Conservation mastery Children in this stage have difficulty seeing things from other perspectives. 53. Which type of memory is least affected by aging? A. Working memory B. Procedural memory
C. Short-term memory D. Episodic memory Procedural memory (e.g., riding a bike) tends to remain intact in older adults.
54. Which of the following is NOT considered a teratogen? A. Alcohol B. Tobacco C. Folic acid D. Radiation Folic acid is a protective nutrient, not a harmful environmental factor. 55. In Kohlberg’s stages of moral development, the preconventional level focuses on: A. Social contract B. Universal principles C. Avoidance of punishment D. Law and order Preconventional morality involves obedience to avoid punishment or gain rewards.
