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Child Development: Exam Questions on Early Childhood (Ages 2-6), Exams of Psychology

Front Range Community CollegePsychology

Psychology exam #2 chapters 8-13

Typology: Exams

2020/2021

Uploaded on 03/08/2021

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Exam # 2
Chapter # 8:
1. Between the ages of 2 and 6, a well-nourished child will gain about _____ pounds and grow about
_____ inches per year.
A) 5; 6
`B) 2; 3
C) 4.5; 3
D) 5.5; 4.5
2. ______ is a major problem that contributes to nutritional deficiencies, obesity, and tooth decay.
A) Sugar
B) Carbohydrates
C) Low protein consumption
D) Higher SES
3. A child's appetite _____ between the ages of 2 and 6.
A) increases slightly
B) increases dramatically
C) stays the same
D) decreases
4. In industrialized nations like the United States and Canada, which nutrients are MOST often lacking in
a child's diet?
A) calcium, iron, and zinc
B) B vitamins
C) magnesium, vitamin A, and vitamin D
D) vitamin C and vitamin E
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Download Child Development: Exam Questions on Early Childhood (Ages 2-6) and more Exams Psychology in PDF only on Docsity!

Exam # 2 Chapter # 8:

  1. Between the ages of 2 and 6, a well-nourished child will gain about _____ pounds and grow about _____ inches per year. A) 5; 6 `B) 2; 3 C) 4.5; 3 D) 5.5; 4.
  2. ______ is a major problem that contributes to nutritional deficiencies, obesity, and tooth decay. A) Sugar B) Carbohydrates C) Low protein consumption D) Higher SES
  3. A child's appetite _____ between the ages of 2 and 6. A) increases slightly B) increases dramatically C) stays the same D) decreases
  4. In industrialized nations like the United States and Canada, which nutrients are MOST often lacking in a child's diet? A) calcium, iron, and zinc B) B vitamins C) magnesium, vitamin A, and vitamin D D) vitamin C and vitamin E
  1. A common food allergy for young children is _____. A) soy B) rice C) oats D) bananas Page 2
  2. A 2-year-old human's brain is _____ percent of the adult brain's weight. A) 55 B) 65 C) 75 D) 80
  3. The part of the brain that specializes in logical reasoning, detailed analysis, and the basics of language is the ___. A) right hemisphere B) amygdala C) left hemisphere D) hypothalamus
  4. The process through which axons become coated with a fatty substance that speeds up the transmission of nerve impulses is called “_____.” A) myelination B) action potential C) transmission D) lateralization

C) sidedness D) reverse specialization

  1. A disorder that research has suggested may result from abnormal development of the corpus callosum is _____. A) hearing impairment B) nearsightedness C) oppositional defiant disorder D) autism spectrum disorder
  2. The amygdala is a brain structure that registers _____. A) body temperature B) emotions C) speech perception D) memories
  3. Based on what you know about the immaturity of the amygdala in early childhood, what is a likely consequence that many young children may experience? A) a language delay B) extreme, violent tantrums C) frightening nightmares D) increased susceptibility to disease
  4. Gross motor skills such as riding a tricycle are acquired _____. A) through practice only B) due to brain maturation only C) through brain maturation and practice D) only if the parents teach the skills Page 4
  1. The development of motor skills is unique and depends on _________. A) culture, practice, and maturity B) age, ethnicity, and gender C) parents' athletic skills, socialization, and access to peers D) preschool quality, age of parents, and ethnic composition of the neighborhood
  2. Which environmental substance has been shown to reduce intelligence and increase behavior problems in young children? A) PVC B) lead C) latex paint D) asbestos
  3. Fine motor skills depend heavily on the maturation of the _____. A) corpus callosum B) amygdala C) hippocampus D) hypothalamus
  4. Age 40 is notable because it is the first age at which _____. A) any specific disease overtakes accidents as a cause for human mortality B) lateralization is complete C) the frontal lobe fully matures D) the limbic system begins to override the cortex
  5. Immaturity of the _____ makes young children impulsive. A) amygdala B) cerebellum C) prefrontal cortex
  1. Piaget called the stage of cognitive development between the ages of 2 and 6 “preoperational intelligence” because children do not yet _____. A) demonstrate intellectual behavior B) use logical operations C) understand language D) produce language
  2. Piaget believed that until about age 6, it is difficult for children to think _____. A) subjectively B) egocentrically C) logically D) about animism
  3. To focus on one aspect of a situation and simultaneously exclude all other aspects is called “_____.” A) magical thinking B) static reasoning C) centration D) animism
  4. ____ is the belief that natural objects and phenomena are alive, moving around, and having sensations and abilities that are human-like. A) Egocentrism B) Animism C) Centration D) Static reasoning Page 2
  5. The Piagetian term for a particular type of centration in which a child thinks about the world only from his or her personal perspective is called “_____.” A) static reasoning B) egocentrism

C) irreversibility D) conservatism

  1. The characteristic of preoperational thought in which a young child thinks that nothing changes is called “_____.” A) egocentrism B) conservation C) static reasoning D) centration
  2. Irreversibility refers to the preoperational child's tendency to _____. A) focus on something other than appearances B) use deductive reasoning to solve a problem C) believe that what has been done cannot be undone D) engage in centration when another solution is needed
  3. According to Vygotsky, guided participation requires that a child _____. A) interacts with a mentor to accomplish a task B) is only provided with one set of directions for a task C) discovers the solution to a task on his or her own D) learns new skills through observation
  4. According to Vygotsky's theory, skills that a child can accomplish with assistance but cannot yet perform independently are part of _____. A) preoperational thinking B) his or her theory of mind C) physical maturation D) the zone of proximal development

C) amygdala D) limbic system

  1. Logical extension involves _____. A) linking a newly learned word to other objects in the same category B) mentally charting new words C) applying a new concept to a preexisting category D) equilibration
  2. Knowledge of _____ is essential for learning how to speak, read, and write. A) pragmatics B) code-switching C) social gestures D) grammar Page 4
  3. Child-centered programs are often influenced by the theories of _____ and _____. A) Piaget; Freud B) Piaget; Vygotsky C) Vygotsky; Skinner D) Skinner; Freud
  4. The goal of most teacher-directed preschools is _____. A) promoting individual achievement B) encouraging informal social interaction C) shaping student behavior D) teaching children to read by the end of the year
  5. Compared to children who did not attend an intensive early-intervention program, longitudinal studies showed that the children who did participate _____.

A) were less likely to need special education and more likely to attend college B) had higher IQ scores in high school and were more likely to attend college C) had higher IQ scores in high school but were less likely to attend college D) had higher math and reading achievement at age 10 and higher IQ scores in high school Chapter 10:

  1. The preeminent psychosocial accomplishment between the ages of 2 and 6 is learning when and how to _____. A) make friends B) know right from wrong C) regulate emotions D) make choices
  2. Erikson called the psychosocial developmental stage that occurs between 3 and 6 years of age _____. A) initiative versus guilt B) industry versus inferiority C) the preoperational stage D) autonomy versus inferiority
  3. Children with a parent who does not have an optimal balance between emotional expression and emotional control may be likely to _____. A) struggle with emotional regulation B) develop a sense of shame C) experience high levels of pride D) demonstrate characteristics of autism spectrum disorder
  4. When parents frequently remind their children of their positive accomplishments, it is common for children to develop _____. A) protective optimism B) trust
  1. Play can be divided into two kinds: ____ play, when a child is alone, and ____ play, which occurs with playmates. A) onlooker; parallel B) parallel; cooperative C) parallel; prosocial D) pretend; social
  2. Many developmentalists are concerned that modern children spend too little time _____. A) playing alone B) in rough-and-tumble play C) imitating adults D) engaged in active play
  3. Rough-and-tumble play has been associated with the development of the _____ area of the brain since it helps children to regulate their emotions, practice social skills, and strengthen their bodies. A) hippocampus B) frontal lobe C) prefrontal cortex D) brain stem Page 3
  4. Sociodramatic play helps children to develop _____ when they act out fear, bravery, and fury. A) self-control B) gender roles C) private speech D) emotional regulation
  5. Which is an example of reactive aggression? A) Adrian tells Frank that he's a sissy and everyone knows it. B) Joanie hits Lexie after Lexie bumps into her during a game of catch.

C) Arthur wrestles Richie for fun. D) Marion punches Arnold for no apparent reason.

  1. A longitudinal study found that ______ in preschool predicted less aggression and less victimization in elementary school. A) pretend play B) physical play C) close teacher-student relationships D) having same-sex siblings
  2. When parents expect unquestioning obedience from their children, their parenting style is labeled “_____.” A) tyrannical B) authoritative C) dictatorial D) authoritarian
  3. Jose demonstrates warmth and nurturance towards his children. He does not believe in punishment of any sort and does not have any rules for his children. His parenting style is _____. A) authoritarian B) authoritative C) neglecting D) permissive Page 4
  4. Parents who set limits, enforce rules, and listen receptively to their children are exhibiting the _____ pattern of parenting. A) permissive B) authoritarian C) authoritative D) democratic

PSY 235 Chapter 11 Study Guide Instructor: Lasegue

  1. Children between the ages of 6 and 11 are within the developmental stage referred to as “_____.” A) infancy B) early childhood C) middle childhood D) adolescence
  2. Which activity, when a daily part of a child's life, is most associated with health problems later in life? A) playing outside for about one hour B) eating three meals C) watching about 4 hours of TV D) playing about 1 hour of video games
  3. The health habits that children develop during the middle childhood years are _____. A) unrelated to their health in adolescence and adulthood B) related to their health in adolescence, but unrelated to their health in adulthood C) unrelated to their health in adolescence, but related to their health in adulthood D) related to their health in adolescence and adulthood
  4. Physical activity can benefit children in all of the following ways EXCEPT by improving _____. A) overall physical health B) academic achievement C) problem solving ability D) oral health practices
  5. Physical activity within schools has _____ over the years. A) increased

B) decreased C) hindered academic achievement D) remained stable Page 2

  1. Children are considered overweight when they have BMIs above the _____ percentile. A) 65th B) 75th C) 85th D) 95th
  2. During middle childhood, children themselves contribute to weight gain by getting adults to do what they want, such as buying them candy or junk food. The ability of children to get adults to do what they want has been referred to as “_____ power.” A) influence B) demanding C) child D) pester
  3. Asthma is a disorder caused by _____ the airways. A) inflammation of B) enlargement of C) destruction of D) holes in
  4. The belief that children's immune systems need to be exposed to viruses and bacteria in order to strengthen them, but that children are overprotected from this exposure, is called the “_____.” A) sterile environment theory B) hygiene hypothesis C) spore theory D) immunity hypothesis
  1. IQ tests _____. A) reflect multicultural understanding B) are influenced by culture C) do not accurately reflect aptitude D) accurately reflect achievement
  2. Scientists agree that brain development _____. A) is complete by age 6 B) depends on experience C) is the same in all children, gifted and not gifted D) reflects unusual patterns in children with various disorders
  3. Often a symptom can have multiple causes. This is known as _____. A) psychopathology B) comorbidity C) multifinality D) equifinality Page 4
  4. David is excitable, impulsive, and very active. He also has great difficulty concentrating. He MOST likely has _____. A) mental retardation B) a sensory deficit C) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder D) childhood schizophrenia
  5. A marked delay in a particular area of learning that is not caused by an apparent physical disability, by mental retardation, or by an unusually stressful home environment is referred to as “_____.” A) a learning disorder B) ADHD

C) autism spectrum disorder D) bipolar disorder

  1. What is a sign of autism spectrum disorder? A) impaired social responses B) cooperative play C) low intelligence D) early proficiency in language
  2. One method of educating gifted and talented students that has become popular in the United States is _____. A) intense parental tutoring of a child's gift or talent B) homeschooling C) educating all gifted and talented children of the same age together D) segregating students by their gifts and talents to form mixed-age groups PSY 235 Chapter 12 Study Guide Instructor: Lasegue
  3. According to Jean Piaget, middle childhood is a time for _____ thought. A) formal operational B) preoperational C) metacognitive D) concrete operational
  4. According to Jean Piaget, children gain the ability to use _____ during middle childhood. A) static reasoning B) abstract reasoning C) logic D) egocentrism