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PSY 4134 Midterm Exam Questions And
Accurate Answers
psychology - answer study of individuals, most conservative sciencecommunity psychology - answer scientific study of community phenomenon community psychologist - answer psychologist who applies scientific discoveries andinterventions to the community ecological levels of analysis - answer microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem,macrosystem microsystem - answer systems that have a direct influence on the familymesosystem - answer where microsystems interact exosystem - answer include non immediate, outside influences macrosystem - answer influence interactions but do not contain specific settingssocial change - answer efforts to shift community values, attitudes and expectations action research - answer designed to resolve social problems levels of change - answer first order, second orderfirst order change - answer changing individuals to adapt to a system, system stays the samesecond order change - answer change in the system barker's behavior setting - answer defined by time and space boundaries and by astanding pattern of behavior; behavior settings have a place, time, and pattern of behavior synomorphic - answer match between physical setting and behavior setting barker's manning theory - answer ratios of roles in a behavior setting and the number ofpeople available to play them overpopulated - answer more people than roles underpopulated - answer more roles than peopleoptimally populated - answer have as many people as roles
bronfenbrenner's ecological model - answer ecological levels that influence thedeveloping individual
proximal influences - answer from systems that are closest to the individual and involvedirect contact
distal influences - answer systems that are less immediate and that have general effectson more proximal systems
james kelly's ecological principles - answer thinking about social systems as thoughthey were ecosystems; 4 principles: interdependence, cycling of resources, adaptation, succession interdependence - answer considerations of how in any system there are multipleinterrelated parts
cycling of resources - answer a consideration of how resources are identified,developed, used and allocated in a system
adaptation - answer consideration of how individuals adapt to changing environments;niche - habitat which a given creature can survive. niche breadth - the range of habitats in which a population can survive succession - answer a consideration of how ecologies change over time; a historicalperspective on settings or communities
positivism - answer dominant philosophy of science; pursuit of objectivity post positivism - answer constructivist and critical constructivist - answer knowing occurs in relationships, product of social interaction;
rigorous - answer data collection and analysis process are documented, systematic,rule bound, and transparent
program - answer a more or less coherent system of activities that have been organizedto address specific needs and resolve particular problems or a given population
program evaluation - answer the systematic collection of information about theactivities, characteristics, and outcomes of programs to make judgements about the program, improve effectiveness, or to inform decisions about future programming program logic models - answer a depiction of the relationships among programresources, activities, outputs and outcomes; important for understanding a program's theory of change and feasibility theory of change - answer a statement about how a program's activities are intended toproduce particular outcome
main types of program evaluation - answer needs assessment, process/implementationevaluation, outcome/impact evaluation
needs assessment - answer assessment of scope and nature of problem, do we needthis program, what are the alternatives
process/implementation evaluation - answer assessment of whether the intendedprogram is being delivered to the intended recipients, in the intended among at the intended level of quality outcome/impact evaluation - answer assessment of whether interventions have actuallyproduced their intended effects
primary data sources - answer go get it yourself
secondary data sources - answer already exists community - answer a readily available, mutually supportive network of relationships onwhich one could depend; relational rather than territorial
types of communities - answer locality based, relational locality based - answer traditional concept of community, personal ties based onproximity
relational - answer defined by interpersonal relationships, similar interests sense of community: 4 elements - answer membership, influence, integration andfulfilment of needs, shared emotional connection
membership - answer feelings of belonging influence - answer feel like they can make a difference in their community integration and fulfilment of needs - answer members of the community believe thattheir needs will be met by resources available in the community
shared emotional connection - answer community members have and will share history,time, places and experiences
negative sense of community - answer feeling trapped, may not have the means to leavethe community, perception that involvement could be harmful
