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PSY 4134 Midterm Exam Questions And
Accurate Answers
psychology - answer study of individuals, most conservative science community psychology - answer scientific study of community phenomenon community psychologist - answer psychologist who applies scientific discoveries and interventions to the community ecological levels of analysis - answer microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem microsystem - answer systems that have a direct influence on the family mesosystem - answer where microsystems interact exosystem - answer include non immediate, outside influences macrosystem - answer influence interactions but do not contain specific settings social change - answer efforts to shift community values, attitudes and expectations action research - answer designed to resolve social problems levels of change - answer first order, second order first order change - answer changing individuals to adapt to a system, system stays the same second order change - answer change in the system barker's behavior setting - answer defined by time and space boundaries and by a standing pattern of behavior; behavior settings have a place, time, and pattern of behavior synomorphic - answer match between physical setting and behavior setting barker's manning theory - answer ratios of roles in a behavior setting and the number of people available to play them overpopulated - answer more people than roles
underpopulated - answer more roles than people optimally populated - answer have as many people as roles bronfenbrenner's ecological model - answer ecological levels that influence the developing individual proximal influences - answer from systems that are closest to the individual and involve direct contact distal influences - answer systems that are less immediate and that have general effects on more proximal systems james kelly's ecological principles - answer thinking about social systems as though they were ecosystems; 4 principles: interdependence, cycling of resources, adaptation, succession interdependence - answer considerations of how in any system there are multiple interrelated parts cycling of resources - answer a consideration of how resources are identified, developed, used and allocated in a system adaptation - answer consideration of how individuals adapt to changing environments; niche - habitat which a given creature can survive. niche breadth - the range of habitats in which a population can survive succession - answer a consideration of how ecologies change over time; a historical perspective on settings or communities
holism - answer non reductionist subjectivity - answer emotions of researcher and participants are legitimate parts of the data inductive - answer moving from specific to general, research is open ended concerned with depth rather than breadth - answer rather then emphasizing generalizability, emphasis on in depth understanding with smaller sample rigorous - answer data collection and analysis process are documented, systematic, rule bound, and transparent program - answer a more or less coherent system of activities that have been organized to address specific needs and resolve particular problems or a given population program evaluation - answer the systematic collection of information about the activities, characteristics, and outcomes of programs to make judgements about the program, improve effectiveness, or to inform decisions about future programming program logic models - answer a depiction of the relationships among program resources, activities, outputs and outcomes; important for understanding a program's theory of change and feasibility theory of change - answer a statement about how a program's activities are intended to produce particular outcome
main types of program evaluation - answer needs assessment, process/implementation evaluation, outcome/impact evaluation needs assessment - answer assessment of scope and nature of problem, do we need this program, what are the alternatives process/implementation evaluation - answer assessment of whether the intended program is being delivered to the intended recipients, in the intended among at the intended level of quality outcome/impact evaluation - answer assessment of whether interventions have actually produced their intended effects primary data sources - answer go get it yourself secondary data sources - answer already exists community - answer a readily available, mutually supportive network of relationships on which one could depend; relational rather than territorial types of communities - answer locality based, relational locality based - answer traditional concept of community, personal ties based on proximity relational - answer defined by interpersonal relationships, similar interests
approaches - answer banking approach, open non directive approach, problem posing approach, critical friend approach banking approach - answer pouring information into people's heads as though they were empty vessels open, non directive approach - answer working from community perception of needs problem posing approach - answer what issue brings the group together citizenship concept - answer legal citizenship, normative citizenship, lived citizenship legal citizenship - answer legal status as a member of a political community; civil rights, political right, social rights normative citizenship - answer how citizens are active within civic, political, or social organizations; citizen as a practice rather than legal status lived citizenship - answer experience of citizenship in daily life
