Download PSY 4406 Personality Exam With Complete Solutions. and more Exams Psychology in PDF only on Docsity!
PSY 4406 Personality Exam With
Complete Solutions
Projective Tests: - answer Rorschach Inkblot Test & Thematic Apperception Test Psychometric Tests: - answer 16PF, NEO & MMPI Personality: - answer Personality is the typical or characteristic way in which a person responds or behaves in particular situations. (sum total of all typical ways of thinking, feeling and behaving). Research suggests that personality is the outcome of a: - answer bidirectional interaction between inherited tendencies and life experiences. Individualistic culture: - answer Individual's rights are emphasised and goals pursued. Collectivist culture: - answer Group rights, duties, expectations and family ties are emphasised. Traits - answer Enduring personality characteristics that are distinguished along a trait continuum. State - answer Temporary behavioural tendency usually in reaction to an internal or external environmental stimuli. Type - answer A general classification into a distinct category (introverted or extraverted). Psychological Testing - answer Administering a test and obtaining a score. Psychological Assessment - answer Interpretation of relevant data. Purposes of Personality Assessment: - answer 1. To describe psychopathology and obtain differential diagnosis.
- To describe and predict behaviour.
- To inform psychological treatment.
- To monitor treatment.
- To use personality assessment as treatment. Projective is also called: - answer Performance-based Objective is also called: - answer Self-report
Performance-based (projective ): - answer Generally unstructured, coded by a clinician and standardised. Self-report (objective) - answer Structured interviews or questionnaires, can be omnibus or narrowband. Omnibus - answer A measure assessing multiple domains of personality. Narrowband - answer A measure assessing a single domain of personality. Behavioural Assessments - answer Focus on behaviours, true for clients who are unable to report for themselves. Aristotle's theory of physiognomy - answer Physical traits could be informative about personality traits. Franz Josef Gall's theory of phrenology - answer Contours of the skull could be informative about personality traits. Binet - answer Tests for cognition in children Carl Jung - answer First modern personality test Robert S. Woodworth - answer Commissioned by APA to create self-report measure for the military. People just responded the way they thought they should. Hathaway and McKinley - answer MMPI and criterion-keying Criterion-keying - answer Testing the items with an external group.
Factor Analysis - answer Identification of underlying clusters.
Cattell - answer 16PF and the Factor Analysis approach.
Costa & McCrae - answer NEO PI-R
Goldberg - answer Big Five
Four major psychological theories: - answer 1. Psychodynamic
- Behavioural and Social Learning
Assessment types: - answer 1. Projective
- Psychometric
- Behaviour rating
- Clinical interview
What is a latent variable? - answer The construct measured by a test.
Reliability: - answer indication of consistency across time and circumstance.
Reliability includes: - answer 1. Temporal consistency (items consistent across time, test-retest, alternate-form)
- Internal consistency (items consistent with each other, Cronbach's alpha, split-half)
- Interrater consistency (items consistent between two independent raters)
Practice effects: - answer Refers to the likelihood that the second time someone does a test, their score will improve.
Validity - answer The extent to which research has demonstrated it accurately measures the latent variable it was designed to measure.
Two types of translation validity: - answer Content validity and face validity.
Social desirability - answer Human tendency to appear virtuous, honest and minimise negative characteristics.
Criterion-related validity - answer Evaluating a test against an external marker or criterion.
Concurrent validity - answer Same time study
Predictive validity - answer Comparison of test at a later date.
Discriminant (divergent) validity - answer measures unlikely to be related
Convergent validity - answer measures likely to be related
Incremental validity - answer Increased validity of adding a particular predictor to an existing selection system.
Sensitivity - answer Person will test positive for disorder. LOW IN SENSITIVITY - TYPE II ERROR.
Specificity - answer Person will text negative for disorder. LOW IN SPECIFICITY - TYPE I ERROR.
PPP - answer Individuals who truly have the disorder.
NPP - answer Individuals who do not truly have the disorder.
OCC - answer Individuals who do and don't truly have the disorder.
Rorschach Inkblot Test - answer 10 items= poor reliability Difficulty in creating norms
TAT - answer 32 cards Instructions can differ between psychologists.
Dialectical Behaviour Therapy - answer Combines standard CBT techniques for emotion regulation and reality testing, with concepts such as distress tolerance, mindfulness, and acceptance.
