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PSY 4406 Personality Exam With Complete Solutions., Exams of Psychology

PSY 4406 Personality Exam With Complete Solutions.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 06/25/2025

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PSY 4406 Personality Exam With
Complete Solutions
Projective Tests: - answer Rorschach Inkblot Test & Thematic Apperception Test
Psychometric Tests: - answer 16PF, NEO & MMPI
Personality: - answer Personality is the typical or characteristic way in which a person
responds or behaves in particular situations. (sum total of all typical ways of thinking,
feeling and behaving).
Research suggests that personality is the outcome of a: - answer bidirectional
interaction between inherited tendencies and life experiences.
Individualistic culture: - answer Individual's rights are emphasised and goals pursued.
Collectivist culture: - answer Group rights, duties, expectations and family ties are
emphasised.
Traits - answer Enduring personality characteristics that are distinguished along a trait
continuum.
State - answer Temporary behavioural tendency usually in reaction to an internal or
external environmental stimuli.
Type - answer A general classification into a distinct category (introverted or
extraverted).
Psychological Testing - answer Administering a test and obtaining a score.
Psychological Assessment - answer Interpretation of relevant data.
Purposes of Personality Assessment: - answer 1. To describe psychopathology and
obtain differential diagnosis.
2. To describe and predict behaviour.
3. To inform psychological treatment.
4. To monitor treatment.
5. To use personality assessment as treatment.
Projective is also called: - answer Performance-based
Objective is also called: - answer Self-report
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PSY 4406 Personality Exam With

Complete Solutions

Projective Tests: - answer Rorschach Inkblot Test & Thematic Apperception Test Psychometric Tests: - answer 16PF, NEO & MMPI Personality: - answer Personality is the typical or characteristic way in which a person responds or behaves in particular situations. (sum total of all typical ways of thinking, feeling and behaving). Research suggests that personality is the outcome of a: - answer bidirectional interaction between inherited tendencies and life experiences. Individualistic culture: - answer Individual's rights are emphasised and goals pursued. Collectivist culture: - answer Group rights, duties, expectations and family ties are emphasised. Traits - answer Enduring personality characteristics that are distinguished along a trait continuum. State - answer Temporary behavioural tendency usually in reaction to an internal or external environmental stimuli. Type - answer A general classification into a distinct category (introverted or extraverted). Psychological Testing - answer Administering a test and obtaining a score. Psychological Assessment - answer Interpretation of relevant data. Purposes of Personality Assessment: - answer 1. To describe psychopathology and obtain differential diagnosis.

  1. To describe and predict behaviour.
  2. To inform psychological treatment.
  3. To monitor treatment.
  4. To use personality assessment as treatment. Projective is also called: - answer Performance-based Objective is also called: - answer Self-report

Performance-based (projective ): - answer Generally unstructured, coded by a clinician and standardised. Self-report (objective) - answer Structured interviews or questionnaires, can be omnibus or narrowband. Omnibus - answer A measure assessing multiple domains of personality. Narrowband - answer A measure assessing a single domain of personality. Behavioural Assessments - answer Focus on behaviours, true for clients who are unable to report for themselves. Aristotle's theory of physiognomy - answer Physical traits could be informative about personality traits. Franz Josef Gall's theory of phrenology - answer Contours of the skull could be informative about personality traits. Binet - answer Tests for cognition in children Carl Jung - answer First modern personality test Robert S. Woodworth - answer Commissioned by APA to create self-report measure for the military. People just responded the way they thought they should. Hathaway and McKinley - answer MMPI and criterion-keying Criterion-keying - answer Testing the items with an external group.

Factor Analysis - answer Identification of underlying clusters.

Cattell - answer 16PF and the Factor Analysis approach.

Costa & McCrae - answer NEO PI-R

Goldberg - answer Big Five

Four major psychological theories: - answer 1. Psychodynamic

  1. Behavioural and Social Learning

Assessment types: - answer 1. Projective

  1. Psychometric
  2. Behaviour rating
  3. Clinical interview

What is a latent variable? - answer The construct measured by a test.

Reliability: - answer indication of consistency across time and circumstance.

Reliability includes: - answer 1. Temporal consistency (items consistent across time, test-retest, alternate-form)

  1. Internal consistency (items consistent with each other, Cronbach's alpha, split-half)
  2. Interrater consistency (items consistent between two independent raters)

Practice effects: - answer Refers to the likelihood that the second time someone does a test, their score will improve.

Validity - answer The extent to which research has demonstrated it accurately measures the latent variable it was designed to measure.

Two types of translation validity: - answer Content validity and face validity.

Social desirability - answer Human tendency to appear virtuous, honest and minimise negative characteristics.

Criterion-related validity - answer Evaluating a test against an external marker or criterion.

Concurrent validity - answer Same time study

Predictive validity - answer Comparison of test at a later date.

Discriminant (divergent) validity - answer measures unlikely to be related

Convergent validity - answer measures likely to be related

Incremental validity - answer Increased validity of adding a particular predictor to an existing selection system.

Sensitivity - answer Person will test positive for disorder. LOW IN SENSITIVITY - TYPE II ERROR.

Specificity - answer Person will text negative for disorder. LOW IN SPECIFICITY - TYPE I ERROR.

PPP - answer Individuals who truly have the disorder.

NPP - answer Individuals who do not truly have the disorder.

OCC - answer Individuals who do and don't truly have the disorder.

Rorschach Inkblot Test - answer 10 items= poor reliability Difficulty in creating norms

TAT - answer 32 cards Instructions can differ between psychologists.

Dialectical Behaviour Therapy - answer Combines standard CBT techniques for emotion regulation and reality testing, with concepts such as distress tolerance, mindfulness, and acceptance.