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personality
characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving that distinguish one person from another theories of personality- psychoanalytic-humanistic-trait-social cognitive TERM 2
Freud
DEFINITION 2 -id: pleasure principle-ego: reality principle-super ego: the ideal--ice burg metaphor TERM 3
Freud: the basics
DEFINITION 3 -psychoanalysis -technique aimed at treating psychological disorders by trying to expose and interpret unconscious tensions-the unconscious-reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories TERM 4
psychosexual stages of personality
development
DEFINITION 4 -oral stage(birth-18 months)-anal stage(18 months-3 years)- phallic stage(3-5 years)-Oedipal and Electra complex-latency stage(6 years-puberty-genital stage(puberty-adult life) TERM 5
defense mechanisms
DEFINITION 5 -repression: banishes anxiety arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness-regression: individual is faced with anxiety retreats to more infantile psychosexual stagemissing the attention--retreat back to behavior from an earlier stage in their life-projection: people disguise threatening impulses by attributing them to others("its not me it's you)denial:refusal to acknowledge the situation
reaction formation
-exaggerated ideas that are the opposite of unacceptable impulsesrationalization-self-justifying explanations are put in the place of real, more threatening reasons for ones actionsdisplacement-sexual or aggressive impulses shifted toward a more acceptable object or personsublimation- displacement to activities that are valued by society TERM 7
Freuds assessment of personality
DEFINITION 7 -projective tests-TAT(Thematic ApperceptionTest)-ambiguous pictures and stories-Rorschach TERM 8
Freud-contributions and criticisms
DEFINITION 8 -contributions-foundation of modern psychology-criticisms- recent research refutes most of his ideas-repressions is very rare-few hypotheses-after the fact explanations without prediction -sexism TERM 9
personality
DEFINITION 9 -the trait perspectivehistory-challenge to Freud-focus on- conscious motives and observable behaviors-describing personality TERM 10
what is trait?
DEFINITION 10 -a trait is something inside us that causes behavior(this is the assumption)
comparing and contrasting theories
-Freudour motives are generally unknown to us-humanistic- our motives are to grow to our potential-no matter where we are, we can become better people-trait-description of a personality rather than an explanation TERM 17
what makes something a disorder?
DEFINITION 17 -deviance-distress-dysfunction -danger TERM 18
diagnosing and labeling disorders
DEFINITION 18 -DSM-IV: diagnostic and statistical manual -pros of labeling:- might feel better knowing that other people have this issue- insurancecons:-labels stick-confirmation bias TERM 19
longest time Rosenham and colleagues
remained institutionalized?
DEFINITION 19 56 days TERM 20
anxiety disorder
DEFINITION 20 -generalized anxiety disorder-panic disorder: panic attacks(usually set off by some sort of trigger. can be minutes long; heavy breathing. feel like youre not getting enough oxygen)-agoraphobia: known as the fear of public or open places.
phobias
-focused anxiety on a certain object, activity or situation TERM 22
obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)
DEFINITION 22 -obsessions=repetitive thoughts-compulsions=repetitive behaviors-2-3% lifetime prevalence movies=Monk TERM 23
explaining anxiety
disorders
DEFINITION 23 Definition-learned fear -generalization -reinforcement - natural selection/evolutionary perspective -the brain TERM 24
depression
DEFINITION 24 -emotional symptoms -sad, miserable -loss of interest TERM 25
motivational
symptoms
DEFINITION 25 -lack of drive, initiative -force themselves to work, eat, etc. - behavioral symptoms -move and speak more slowly - interpersonal symptoms -irritability -isolation
criteria for personality disorder(PD)
-enduring pattern: how do you generally respond? over the course of months or years -inflexible and pervasive: not just 1 or 2 incidents. -distress or impairment -not due to physiological effects of substance or medical condition TERM 32
anxiety cluster: high levels of
anxiety
DEFINITION 32 -avoidant -inadequacy, sensitive to criticism -dependent - needs to be taken care of -obsessive-compulsive -similar to OCD; milder degree TERM 33
erratic cluster: all over the place. one
extreme to another
DEFINITION 33 -antisocial -lack of guilt; self-centered; manipulative - borderline -unstable; extreme moods/behavior -girl, interrupted; fatal attraction -histrionic -overly dramatic; overt sexuality -narcissistic TERM 34
eccentric cluster: things are unusual, or
odd
DEFINITION 34 -schizoid -detached from social relationships -schizotypal - anxious in social relationships -suspicious, eccentric beliefs
