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PSYCHIATRIC AND MENTAL HEALTH NURSING FINAL EXAM
REVIEW FULL GUIDE LATEST UPDATES - 2025/2026- ACTUAL
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
GUARANTEED SUCCESS
case management: management of care on a case-by-case basis, representing an effort to provide necessary services while containing cost; in the community, case management services include accessing medical and psychiatric services and providing assistance with tasks of daily living such as financial management, transportation, and buying groceries deinstitutionalization a deliberate shift in care of the mentally ill from institutional care in state hospitals to care in community-based facilities and through community-based services Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM- 5 - TR) taxonomy published by the APA; the DSM- 5 - TR describes all mental disorders and outlines specific diagnostic criteria for each based on clinical experience and research
managed care a concept designed to purposely control the balance between the quality of care provided and the cost of that care managed care organizations developed to control the expenditure of insurance funds by requiring providers to seek approval before the delivery of care mental health a state of emotional, psychological, and social wellness evidenced by satisfying relationships, effective behavior and coping, positive self-concept, and emotional stability mental illness a clinically significant behavioral or psychological syndrome or pattern that occurs in an individual and that is associated with present distress (e.g., a painful symptom) or disability (i.e., impairment in one or more important areas of functioning) or with a significantly increased risk of suffering death, pain, disability, or an important loss of freedom phenomena of concern
utilization review firms developed to control the expenditure of insurance funds by requiring providers to seek approval before the delivery of care akathisia intense need to move about; characterized by restless movement, pacing, inability to remain still, and the client's report of inner restlessness anticholinergic side effects dry mouth, constipation, urinary hesitancy or retention, dry nasal passages, and blurred near vision; commonly seen as side effects of medication antidepressant drugs primarily used in the treatment of major depressive illness, anxiety disorders, the depressed phase of bipolar disorder, and psychotic depression antipsychotic drugs also known as neuroleptics; used to treat the symptoms of psychosis such as the delusions and hallucinations seen in schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and the manic phase of bipolar disorder
anxiolytic drugs used to treat anxiety and anxiety disorders, insomnia, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), depression, PTSD, and alcohol withdrawal black box warning: medication package inserts must have a highlighted box, separate from the text, that contains a warning about the life-threatening or otherwise serious side effect(s) of the medication computed tomography (CT) a diagnostic procedure in which a precise x-ray beam takes cross-sectional images (slices) layer by layer depot injection a slow-release, injectable form of antipsychotic medication for maintenance therapy asylum a safe refuge or haven offering protection; in the United States, the term "asylum" was used to describe institutions for the mentally ill
neurologic side effects of antipsychotic medications that are drug and dose related; treated with anticholinergic medication; includes dystonia, pseudoparkinsonism, and akathisia half-life the time it takes for half of the drug to be eliminated from the bloodstream kindling process the snowball-like effect seen when a minor seizure activity seems to build up into more frequent and severe seizures limbic system an area of the brain located above the brain stem that includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala (although some sources differ regarding the structures that this system includes) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnostic test used to visualize soft-tissue structures; energy field is created with a magnet and radio waves and then converted into a visual image mood-stabilizing drugs
used to treat bipolar disorder by stabilizing the client's mood, preventing or minimizing the highs and lows that characterize bipolar illness, and treating acute episodes of mania neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) a potentially fatal, idiosyncratic reaction to an antipsychotic (or neuroleptic) drug neurotransmitters the chemical substances manufactured in the neuron that aid in the transmission of information throughout the body rebound temporary return of symptoms; may be more intense than original symptoms Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy/Strategies (REMS) specific actions and/or safeguards instituted by the FDA that govern the use of drugs that are approved but have infrequent serious side effects that require close monitoring
withdrawal new symptoms resulting from discontinuation of drug or substance abstract messages unclear patterns of words that often contain figures of speech that are difficult to interpret active listening concentrating exclusively on what the client says, refraining from other internal mental activities active observation watching the speaker's nonverbal actions as they communicate assertive communication ability to express positive and negative ideas and feelings in an open, honest, and direct way
body language a nonverbal form of communication: gestures, postures, movements, and body positions circumstantiality the use of extraneous words and long, tedious descriptions closed body positions nonverbal behavior such as crossed legs and arms folded over chest that indicate the listener may be failing to listen, may be defensive, or not accepting communication the processes that people use to exchange information concrete message words that are as clear as possible when speaking to the client so that the client can understand the message; concrete messages are important for accurate information exchange congruent message when communication content and processes agree
incongruent message when the communication content and process disagree intimate zone space of 0 to 18 in between people; the amount of space comfortable for parents with young children, people who mutually desire personal contact, or people whispering; invasion of this intimate zone by anyone else is threatening and produces anxiety nondirective role using broad openings and open-ended questions to collect information and help the client to identify and discuss the topic of concern nonverbal communication the behavior that accompanies verbal content, such as body language, eye contact, facial expression, tone of voice, speed and hesitations in speech, grunts and groans, and distance from the listener personal zone space of 18 to 36 in; a comfortable distance between family and friends who are talking
physical distancing practice of maintaining physical distance (at least 6 feet) between individuals in order to decrease the risk of transmission of disease process in communication, denotes all nonverbal messages that the speaker uses to give meaning and context to the message proxemics the study of distance zones between people during communication public zone space of 12 to 25 ft; the acceptable distance between a speaker and an audience, between small groups, and among others at informal functions social distancing staying at home and away from others to decrease the risk of transmission of disease social zone
- implement interventions to address clients needs
- guide client toward acceptable solutions Therapeutic communication is most comfortable when the nurse is what distance apart? 3 - 6 feet Functional/Professional touch touch used in examinations or procedures such as when the nurse touches a client to assess skin turgor or a massage therapist performs a massage Social/Polite touch touch used in greeting, such as a handshake and the "air kiss", some people use to greet acquaintances, or when a gentle hand guides someone in the correct direction Friendship/Warmth touch touch involves a hug in greeting, an arm thrown around the shoulder of a good friend, or the backslapping some people use to greet friends and relatives Love/Intimacy touch
touch involves tight hugs and kisses between lovers or close relatives Sexual/Arousal touch touch used by lovers Therapeutic Communication Techniques
- Accepting
- Acknowledgement
- Broad Openings
- Empathy
- Exploring
- Focusing
- Paraphrasing
- Reflecting
- Restating
- Summarizing Exploring (Therapeutic Communication) delving further into a subject or an idea "Would you describe it more fully?" "What kind of work?"
Nontherapeutic Communication Techniques
- Advising
- Belittling
- Challenging
- Probing
- Reassuring Advising (Nontherapeutic Communication) telling the client what to do "I think you should..." "Why don't you..." "That's right." "I agree." Belittling (Nontherapeutic Communication) misjudging the degree of the client's discomfort Client: "I have nothing to live for... I wish I was dead." Nurse: "Everyone gets down in the dumps" or "I've felt that way myself." Challenging (Nontherapeutic Communication) demanding proof from the client
"But how can you be the president of the United States?" "If you're dead, why is your heart beating?" Probing (Nontherapeutic Communication) persistent questioning of the client "Now tell me about this problem. You know I have to find out." "Tell me your psychiatric history." Reassuring (Nontherapeutic Communication) indicating there is no reason for anxiety or other feeling of discomfort "I wouldn't worry about that." "Everything well be alright." "You're coming along just fine." Broad Openings (Therapeutic Communication) allowing the client to take the initiative in introducing the topic "Is there something you'd like to talk about?" "Where would you like to being?" Paraphrasing (Therapeutic Communication)
