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Psychology 110 - Exam 1 Study Guide
Questions And Answers Already Passed
The definition of psychology ✔✔the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
what is the scientific method ✔✔the most objective way to acquire knowledge
what are the 4 goals of psychology? ✔✔1. description 2. explanation 3. prediction 4. influence
why is this field considered a science? ✔✔Psychology separated itself from philosophy when researchers started began using the scientific method to study mental processes and behavior.
what is basic research? ✔✔pure
what is applied research? ✔✔practical
who was Wilhelm Wundt ✔✔he established a psychological laboratory at Leipzig in Germany. Also, Wundt's vision for a new discipline included studies of social and cultural influences on human thought.
what is structuralism? ✔✔aimed to analyze the basic elements, or the structure, or conscience mental experiences. Was faded out fairly quickly.
the next 7 slides are of the schools of thought ✔✔I'm so bored
- Behavioralism ✔✔"science of behavior" founded by John B. Watson
behavior is observable and measurable and, therefore, objective and scientific
- Psychoanalytic ✔✔founded by Sigmund Freud
developed a school of thought known as psychoanalysis that views life as an iceberg. The smallest visible part of the of the iceberg represents the conscious mental state while the larger, underwater part of the iceberg hides the unconscious desire and wishes
- humanistic psychology ✔✔founded by Carl Rogers
focuses on human uniqueness and their capacity for growth, choice, and psychological health
- psychoanalytic ✔✔The role of unconscious motivation and early childhood experiences in determining behavior and thought
- Humanistic ✔✔The importance of an individual's subjective experience as a key to understanding his or her behavior
- Cognitive ✔✔The role of mental processes—perception, thinking, and memory—that underlie behavior
- Biological ✔✔The role of biological processes and structures, as well as heredity, in explaining behavior
- Evolutionary ✔✔The roles of inherited tendencies that have proven adaptive in humans
- Sociological ✔✔The roles of social and cultural influences on behavior
Critical thinking ✔✔Can cause skepticism, suspension of Judgement, and willingness to change.
The next 4 slides are about descriptive research methods ✔✔I don't know why I'm doing this
Naturalistic Observation ✔✔more natural but problems with wait and observer bias
Laboratory Observation ✔✔more control but more expressive, less like the real world
Case study ✔✔great detail but problems with generalizability
Surverys ✔✔lots of data from many respondents but can provide faulty info
Correlation studies ✔✔-non-experiment therefore cannot determine cause-effect relationships
-coefficient indicates strength and direction of relationships between two variables
-good for topics that can't be manipulated
the experimental method ✔✔-independent variables are manipulated
Quasi-experiments ✔✔when random assignment is not possible
peripheral- somatic and automatic nervous system
the next 10 slides are about the different brain structures and their functions ✔✔i dont know if that is the correct form of their. English is my worst subject
- Cerebellum ✔✔coordination
- Cerebral Cortex ✔✔outer covering
- corpus callosum ✔✔keeps two hemispheres connected
- Hypothalamus ✔✔regulates emotion, desires
- Medulla ✔✔stuff needed for life
- Pons ✔✔sleeping and dreaming
- reticular formation ✔✔wakes you up
- Thalamus ✔✔regulates vision and shit
- Amygdala ✔✔emotion and anger
- Hippocampus ✔✔involved with memory
The next 4 slides are about the different lobes of the brain ✔✔I really want to be done
- Frontal ✔✔major cortex- voluntary body movement
Broca's area- speech production
Frontal association- judgement, personality, attention, abstract, thought
- Parietal lobe ✔✔concerned with touch
Somatosensorycortex- pressure, pain, and temperature
- Occipital ✔✔Primary visual cortex - where you see
what are a few theories of why we sleep? ✔✔1. to keep us quiet during night so predators couldn't find us
- that's the only one i wrote down
the next 4 slides are about the 4 stages of rem sleep ✔✔I don't like school
stage 1 ✔✔slow, low voltage, relaxing
last 5-10 minutes
stage 2 ✔✔further slowing and relaxing
last 20 minutes
stage 3 ✔✔slow, high voltage delta waves start
(not sure) last about 25 minutes
stage 4 ✔✔more than 50% delta waves
last 30 minutes
REM ✔✔REM-paradoxical and is needed to help our memories
REM rebound ✔✔go into REM faster and dream or have vivid nightmares. Younger people have longer REM cycles. The older you get, the shorter each cycle becomes.
Developmental changes in amount of sleep ✔✔Younger people have longer REM cycles. The older you get, the shorter the 4th cycle becomes, then eventually the 3rd and so on.
effects of sleep deprivation ✔✔poor mood, lower alertness, body temperature change (mostly feel cold), lower immunity, makes cognitive task harder
Parasomnias ✔✔nightmares, night terrors, sleepwalking, confusional arousals
dyssomnias ✔✔have problems initiating or maintaining sleep or of excessive sleepiness and are characterized by a disturbance in the amount, quality, or timing of sleep
Freud's manifest ✔✔surface/visible contest, images as recalled by dreamer
