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Useful review cheat sheet for the Psychology exam
Typology: Cheat Sheet
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AP Psychology Essential Information
Introduction to Psychology
Methods and Testing
c. Hypothesis d. Theory
Sensation
Stage 0- sleep onset: individual is relaxed but awake; experience mild hallucinations; alpha waves Stage 1- non REM sleep- lowered respirations, blood pressure and pulse and lower EEG waves Stages 2 and 3- show variations of brain wave patterns; stage 2= sleep spindles. Stage 3- delta waves Stage 4- determined by the appearance of a particular brain wave pattern; difficult to wake
b. Stimulants- caffeine, cocaine, amphetamines, nicotine c. Opiates- morphine, heroin, methadone, codeine d. Hallucinogens (psychedelics) - LSD, peyote, mushrooms, marijuana
Learning
a. memories created/constructed based off of false memories b. feel like accurate memories to the person recalling them c. misinformation effect : incorporating misleading information into one’s memory of an event d. source amnesia: attributing to the wrong source an event we experienced, read about or imagined
Thinking (cognition) and Language
Intelligence
b. People rise naturally through the levels of this hierarchy as long as they do not encounter overwhelming obstacles along the way c. physiological, safety, belongingness and love, esteem, self-actualization
Developmental Psychology
- study how our behaviors and thoughts change over our entire lives (conception to cremation)
Six months- organs formed; fetus responsive to sound b. During the critical period, teratogens can cause harm to the fetus if ingested by the mother ex. fetal alcohol syndrome, psychoactive drugs, chemicals
d. Carl Rogers- self-theory- although people are innately good, they require certain things from their interactions with others, especially unconditioned positive regard: you will be loved no matter what
Abnormal Behavior and Treatment
Social Psychology - study how we relate to others