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Developmental Psychology
The scientific study of how humans change over the life span, from conception until death 3 Stages of Human developmental physical or biological cognitive socio-emotional TERM 2
Germinal
Period
DEFINITION 2 During prenatal development from conception to two weeks after fertilization of the egg, when the zygote divides rapidly and implants in the uterine wall creates first cell of new lifeand doesmore cells (blastocyst) placentia forms to nourish and protect the embryo, if any abnormalities that it creates miscarriages TERM 3
Embryonic
Period
DEFINITION 3 In prenatal development from 2-8 weeks after conception, when the brain, spine, major organs, and bodily structures begin to form in the embryo physical development: spinal cord, brain, and internal organs (heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, and sex organs) critical organ formation; if formation is wrong may cause miscarriage or birth defects (spina difina) TERM 4
Fetal Period
(Fetus)
DEFINITION 4 In prenatal development from 8 weeks after conception to birth, when the brain continues developing, bodily structures are refined, and accumulates fat in preparation for birth physical changes; around 4 months the fetus begins to move muscles full term pregnancies between 38-42 weeks TERM 5
Prenatal Development
DEFINITION 5 Process in which a human embryo or fetus gestates during pregnancy, from fertilization until birth. 3 stages germinal period embryotnic period fetal period Nature and nurture affect human development
Prematures
Risk Factors of Premature: smoking, drinking, drug use may die later at infant age disabilites: cerebral palsy, breathing or feeding problems, vision and hearing deficits, long-term effects on intelluctual development and school performance TERM 7
Teratogens
DEFINITION 7 Environmental agents that can harm prenatal development substances that cause birth defects TERM 8
Classes of teratogens
DEFINITION 8 legal drugs: alcohol: fetal alcohol-syndrome, facial marformation, mental retardation, learning difficultiies nicotine: miscarriage, low birth weight, mental retardation, learning difficulties caffeine: miscarriage, low birth weight
- recreational drugs cocaine: low birth weight, breathing problems, seizures, learning difficulties, irratibility marijuana: irritability, nervousness, tremors
- infections measles (rubella): blindness, deafness, heart defects, brain damage syphilis: mental retardation, deafness, meningitis
- environmental factors radiation (x-rays): cancer, physical deformities mercury: mental retardation, blindness environmental factors TERM 9
Maturation
DEFINITION 9 Physical development of the brain and body that prepares an infant for voluntary movement, such as rolling over, sitting, and walking TERM 10
Secure Attachment
DEFINITION 10 Children who show some distress when their caregiver leaves but are able to compose themselves and do something knowing that their caregiver will return.
Puberty
Physical changes in the body that are a part of sexual development 2 year developmental period beginning of adolescence females: 8-14 years of age; completion by age 16 males: 10-14 years of age; completion by age 18 TERM 17
Puberty Development
DEFINITION 17
- Primary sex characteristics: reproductive organs/genitals maruration of sex organs developmental of sperm or start of menstruation 2.Secondary sex characteristics: develops during hormonal changes Boys: angular jaw, deepening voice, body hair, increase muscle mass, pubic hair Females: fat on breast, body hair (armpits), loss of baby fat on belly, greater waist, TERM 18
Gender Identity
DEFINITION 18 One's private sense of being male or female. TERM 19
Gender Roles
DEFINITION 19 Characteristics associated with being male or female because of cultural influence or learning
