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Psychology Final Exam 2025 Review Questions with Answers, Exams of Psychology

University College of London (UCL)Psychology

Psychology Final Exam 2025 Review Questions with Answers Psychology Final Exam 2025 Review Questions with Answers Psychology Final Exam 2025 Review Questions with Answers

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2024/2025

Available from 06/28/2025

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Psychology Final Exam 2025 Review Questions
with Answers
Physiological - Correct answer Having to do with an organism's physical processes.
Cognitive - Correct answer Having to do with an organism's thinking and
understanding
Psychology - Correct answer The scientific study of behavior that is tested through
scientific research
Hypothesis - Correct answer An assumption or prediction about behavior that is tested
through scientific study.
Theory - Correct answer A set of assumptions used to explain phenomena and offered
for scientific study.
Basic Science - Correct answer The pursuit of knowledge about natural phenomena
for its own sake.
Applied Science - Correct answer Discovering ways to use scientific findings to
accomplish practical goals.
Scientific Method - Correct answer A general approach to gathering information and
answering questions so that errors are minimized.
Nicolaus Copernicus - Correct answer Polish astronomer who produced a workable
model of the solar system with the sun in the center (1473-1543)
He started "observation."
Galileo Galilei - Correct answer Italian astronomer and mathematician who first built
the telescope and proved that planets and moons moved. Persecuted for supporting
Copernicus' ideas.
He started "experimentation."
Dualism - Correct answer Mind and body are separate and distinct.
Rene Descartes - Correct answer French philosopher and mathematician who argued
against Dualism.
Wilhelm Wundt - Correct answer german physiologist who founded psychology as a
formal science.
"Father of Psychology"
Opened first psychology research laboratory in 1879.
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Download Psychology Final Exam 2025 Review Questions with Answers and more Exams Psychology in PDF only on Docsity!

Psychology Final Exam 2025 Review Questions

with Answers

Physiological - Correct answer Having to do with an organism's physical processes. Cognitive - Correct answer Having to do with an organism's thinking and understanding Psychology - Correct answer The scientific study of behavior that is tested through scientific research Hypothesis - Correct answer An assumption or prediction about behavior that is tested through scientific study. Theory - Correct answer A set of assumptions used to explain phenomena and offered for scientific study. Basic Science - Correct answer The pursuit of knowledge about natural phenomena for its own sake. Applied Science - Correct answer Discovering ways to use scientific findings to accomplish practical goals. Scientific Method - Correct answer A general approach to gathering information and answering questions so that errors are minimized. Nicolaus Copernicus - Correct answer Polish astronomer who produced a workable model of the solar system with the sun in the center (1473-1543) He started "observation." Galileo Galilei - Correct answer Italian astronomer and mathematician who first built the telescope and proved that planets and moons moved. Persecuted for supporting Copernicus' ideas. He started "experimentation." Dualism - Correct answer Mind and body are separate and distinct. Rene Descartes - Correct answer French philosopher and mathematician who argued against Dualism. Wilhelm Wundt - Correct answer german physiologist who founded psychology as a formal science. "Father of Psychology" Opened first psychology research laboratory in 1879.

Focused on the structure of the mind, developed introspection (self-observation) to collect information about the mind. Structuralist - Correct answer Linguistics defined as the analysis of formal structures in a text or discourse. Introspection - Correct answer A method of self-obversation or contemplation of your own thoughts, desires and conduct. William James - Correct answer founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment. Taught first Psychology class at Harvard (1875) and created first Psychology textbook. Functionalist - Correct answer A psychologist who studied the function of consciousness Sir Francis Galton - Correct answer English scientist (cousin of Charles Darwin) who explored many fields: heredity, meteorology, statistics, psychology, anthropology. Heredity - Correct answer The biological process whereby genetic factors are transmitted from one generation to the next. Sigmund Freud - Correct answer Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis. Free Association - Correct answer A thought process in which ideas (words or images) suggest other ideas in a sequences, with or without logical meaning. Psychoanalyst - Correct answer A psychologist who studies how unconscious motives and conflicts determine human behavior Ivan Pavlov - Correct answer Russian physiologist who observed conditioned salivary responses in dogs (1849-1936) Behaviorists - Correct answer Social scientists who focus on the environmental rewards and punishers that maintain or discourage specific behaviors. John Watson - Correct answer American Psychologist who founded Behaviorism and established the school of Behaviorism. B.F. Skinner - Correct answer Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. He is famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pigeons and rats. Created the "Skinner Box."

Longitudinal Studies (Long Study) - Correct answer A type of research that involves repeated observations of the same items over a long period of time (decades) Cross-Sectional Study - Correct answer A study in which people of different ages are compared with one another Correlation - Correct answer A statistic representing how closely two variables co-vary Variables - Correct answer Factor, element, or feature that can change in an experiment. Ethics - Correct answer The philosophical study of moral values and rules Self-Fulfilling Prophecy - Correct answer An expectation that causes you to act in ways that make that expectation come true. Single-Blind Experiment - Correct answer An experiment in which the participants are unaware of which participants received the treatment. Double-Blind Experiment - Correct answer An experiment in which neither the experimenter nor the participants know which participants received which treatment Placebo Effect - Correct answer Any effect that seems to be a consequence of administering a placebo (fake drug) Statistics - Correct answer The practice or science of collecting and analyzing numerical data in large quantities. Descriptive Statistics - Correct answer Statistical procedures used to describe characteristics and responses of groups of subjects Frequency Distribution - Correct answer A distribution of observed frequencies of occurrence of the values of a variable Normal Curve - Correct answer A normal distribution Mode (Most) - Correct answer The most frequent value of a random variable Median - Correct answer Range of values Mean - Correct answer Average What is the Cardinal Rule of Naturalistic Observation? - Correct answer Correlation does not imply causation.

What are at least 2 examples of proper ethical principles? - Correct answer 1.) Collection 2.) Use of data Adolescence - Correct answer Transition period between childhood-adulthood Initiation Rites - Correct answer A mark of admission into adulthood (later curfew, license) G. Stanley Hall - Correct answer Storm and Stress. Marginal being, confused, troubled, highly frustrated Margaret Mead - Correct answer "Depends on the society you grow up in" Puberty - Correct answer Sexual maturation Asynchrony - Correct answer The condition during adolescence in which the growth or maturation of bodily parts is uneven Precocious Puberty - Correct answer The term used to describe the very early onset and rapid progression of puberty Rationalization - Correct answer An individual seeks to explanation often unpleasant emotion and behavior in a way that will preserve his or her esteem. Messiah Complex - Correct answer Tendency towards idealism Identity Crisis - Correct answer A period of inner conflict during which adolescents worry intensely about who they are. James Marcia - Correct answer Psychologist who developed the four stages of identity statuses What are the 4 stages of identity status? - Correct answer 1.) Foreclosure 2.) Confused/Diffused 3.) Moratorium 4.) Achievement A.C Peterson - Correct answer Argues that crisis is not the normal state of affairs for adolescents Albert Bandura - Correct answer Researcher famous for work in observational or social learning. Social Learning Theory - Correct answer The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished

PET - Correct answer Using a computerized radiographic technique to examine the metabolic activity in various tissues (especially in the brain) MRI - Correct answer Magnetic resonance imaging Posthypnotic Suggestion - Correct answer A suggestion that is made to a person who is hypnotized that specifies an action he will perform (usually in response to a cue) after he has awakened Hypnotic Analgesia - Correct answer The reduction of pain through hypnosis in people who are susceptible to hypnosis. Freud's 3 stages of consciousness - Correct answer 1.) Consciousness 2.) Pre-Consciouness 3.) Unconsciousness 3 steps of treatment for drug abuse - Correct answer 1.) Admit 2.) Rehab 3.) Stay drug-free Absolute Threshold - Correct answer The lowest level of stimulation that a person can detect Difference Threshold - Correct answer The smallest change in stimulation that a person can detect Weber's Law - Correct answer The principle that, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage Gestalt - Correct answer The experience that comes from organizing bits and pieces of information into meaningful wholes. Proximity - Correct answer The property of being close together (Gestalt Theory) Figure-Ground Perception - Correct answer Ability to discriminate between figure and its background Perceptual Inference - Correct answer Filling in the gaps of what our senses tell us Motion Parallax - Correct answer The apparent movement of stationary objects relative to one another that occurs when the observer changes position Extrasensory Perception - Correct answer Apparent power to perceive things that are not present to the senses

Sensory Memory - Correct answer The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system Reconstructive Processes - Correct answer Alteration of a recalled memory based on an individual's experiences, attitudes, or inferences Proactive Interference - Correct answer The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information. Metacognition - Correct answer Thinking about thinking Phonemes - Correct answer Smallest unit of sound in the human language Morpheme - Correct answer Minimal meaningful language unit (1 or more phonemes) Syntax - Correct answer The grammatical arrangement of words in sentences Primary Appraisal - Correct answer Initial decision regarding whether an event is harmful Cognitive Appraisal - Correct answer The interpretation of an event that helps determine its stress impact Resynthesis - Correct answer The process of combiniing old ideas w/ new one's and reoranizing feelings in order to renew one's identity Psychological Dependence - Correct answer A psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions