MOTIVATION
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PPT on motivation. Types of motivation with examples. Psychology
Typology: Slides
2018/2019
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MOTIVATION
What is Motivation?
Definition – Forces within the individual forces that account for the direction, level and persistence of a person’s effort expended at work. (^) Direction – an individual‘s choice when presented with a number of possible alternatives. (^) Level – the amount of effort a person puts forth. (^) Persistence – the length of time a person sticks with a given action. The need or desire to do something is called Motivation.
NATURE OF MOTIVATION
(^) Motivation is a psychological phenomena which generates within an individual. (^) A person feels the lack of certain needs, to satisfy which he/she feels working. (^) The motivation motivates a person to do something better than he/she normally does.
Theories of Motivation
Drive Theory
Definition – A psychological need or drive which simply compels us to reduce that need. It is based on three important concepts. (^) NEED : It refers to an inter physiological state that occurs when we are deprived of something. (^) DRIVE : It refers to a tension or arousal that results from a bodily need. (^) HOMEOSTASIS : It refers to the maintenance of an overall physiological balance or a constant internal environment. Example – You are hungry, you find food and you eat that food. Criticism – Social motives cannot be explained by the drive theory such as, exploratory behaviors and thrill seeking.
Arousal Theory
Definition – People are motivated to maintain a balance between stimulation and relaxation. (^) The theory states that the major reason people are driven to perform any action is to maintain the optimal level of physiological arousal. (^) Arousal is measured by physiological activity reflected in measures such as heart rate, muscle tension and brain activity. (^) The optimal level of arousal varies from one person to the next. Example – People going for rollercoaster or sky diving or scuba diving. Criticism – The theory suggest that there is an optimal level of performance for certain tasks but it was also found that there were large individual differences with respect to preferred arousal.