Download Learning Theories: Non-Associative, Associative, and Observational Learning and more Quizzes Health psychology in PDF only on Docsity!
3 types of learning
Non-Associative: Associate: Watching others: TERM 2
Non-Associative Learning
DEFINITION 2 Learning about a stimulus in the external world; sight or sound TERM 3
2 Types of Non-Associative Learning
DEFINITION 3 Habituation : decrease in behavioral response after repeated exposure to a stimulus Sensitization: increase in behavioral response after repeated exposure to a stimulus TERM 4
Associative
DEFINITION 4 Learning the relationship between two pieces of information TERM 5
2 Types of Associative
Learning
DEFINITION 5 Classical Conditioning: learning that a stimulus preicts another stimulus Operant Conditioning: learning that a behavior leads to a certain outcome
Watching Others (3 Learning Method)
Learning by watching how others behave TERM 7
3 Types of Watching Others (3 Learning
Method)
DEFINITION 7 Observational Learning; when we learn or change a behavior after watching a person engage in that behavior Modeling: imitating a behavior seen in others Vicarious Conditioning: learning to engage in a behavior or not, after seing others being rewarded or punished for performing that action TERM 8
Donald Hebb
DEFINITION 8 Tthe father of neuropsychology and neural networks, also known for the theory Hebbian learning. learning results from alterations in the connections between synapses TERM 9
Long-Term Potentiation
DEFINITION 9 The strenghing of synaptic connection between neurons its involve with learning and memory (Hippocampus) drugs that help increase learning increase LTP and those that lock learning decrease LTP TERM 10
Forgetting
DEFINITION 10 apparent loss of information already encoded and stored in an individual's long term memory.
Conditioned Response
Response that IS learned TERM 17
Acquisition
DEFINITION 17 The gradual formation of an association between conditioned and unconditioned stimuli TERM 18
Extinction
DEFINITION 18 A process in which the conditioned response is weakened when the conditioned stimulus is repeated without the unconditioned stimulus TERM 19
Spontaneous Recovery
DEFINITION 19 A process in which a previosly extinguished response reemerges after the conditioned stimlus is presented again TERM 20
Stimulus Generalization
DEFINITION 20 Learning that occurs when stimuli that are similar but not identical to the conditioned stimulus pro\duce the conditioned response
Stimulus
Discrimination
A differentation between two similar stimuli when only one of them is consistently assicated with the unconditioned stimulus TERM 22
Operant Conditioning
DEFINITION 22 A method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. TERM 23
4 Types of Reinforcement and Punishment
DEFINITION 23 Operant Conditioning Positive reinforcement: stimulus is added Negative reinforcement: stimulus is taken away Positive Punishment: behavior increases Negative Punishment: behavior decreases TERM 24
4 Schedules of Reinforcement
DEFINITION 24 Fixed interval: predictable Variable interval: changes Fixed ratio: passage of time Variable ratio: number of responses TERM 25
3 Types of Learning by Watching Others
DEFINITION 25 Observatonal Learning Modeling Vicarious Conditioning
Encoding
The processing of information to be stored TERM 32
Storage
DEFINITION 32 The retention of encoded representations over time TERM 33
3 Phases of Information Processing in Memory
DEFINITION 33 Encoding Storage Retrieval TERM 34
Retrieval
DEFINITION 34 The act of recalling or remembering stored information when it is needed TERM 35
Change Blindness
DEFINITION 35 An individual's failure to notice large visual changes in the environment
3 Memory Stores
Sensory Storage Short-term Storage Long-term Storage TERM 37
Sensory Storage
DEFINITION 37 A memory storage system that very briefly holds a vast amount of information from the five senses in close to their original sensory formats TERM 38
Short-term Storage
DEFINITION 38 A memory storage system that briefly holds a limited amount of information in awareness TERM 39
Working Memory
DEFINITION 39 The system that is responsible for the transient holding and processing of new and already stored information, an important processof updating. TERM 40
Chunking
DEFINITION 40 Using working memory to organize information into meaningful units to make it easier to remember
Semantic Memory
A type of explicit memory that includes a person's knowledge about the world TERM 47
Explicit Memory
DEFINITION 47 The system for long-term storage of conscious memories that can be verbally described. TERM 48
Implicit Memory
DEFINITION 48 The system for long-term storage of unconscious memories that cannot be verbally described TERM 49
Procedural Memory
DEFINITION 49 A type of implicit memory that involves motor skills and behavioral habits TERM 50
Prospective Memory
DEFINITION 50 Remembering to do something at some future time
Consolidation
A process by which immediate memories become lasting through long-term storage TERM 52
Prefrontal Cortex
DEFINITION 52 The front of the Frontal lobe working memory TERM 53
Hippocamus
DEFINITION 53 Spartial memory TERM 54
Temporal Lobe
DEFINITION 54 Explicit memory TERM 55
Amygdala
DEFINITION 55 Implicit memory; fear learning
Distortion
Human memory is not a perfectly accurate representation of the past TERM 62
4 ways memories can be distorted?
DEFINITION 62 memory bias flashbulb memories misattribution suggestibility TERM 63
Thinking
DEFINITION 63 Mental manipulation of representations of information we encounter TERM 64
Analogical Representations
DEFINITION 64 Mental representation that has some physical characteristics TERM 65
Symbolic Representations
DEFINITION 65 Abstract mental representations that consist of words
2 theories of intelligence
Triarchid theory multiple intelligence
