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PTCB Exam Prep Questions And Answers 100% Correct
1. ACE Inhibitor (angiotensin converting enzyme): Pharmacology: ACE in-
hibitors reduce the effect of angiotensin, ultimately lowering blood pressure by relaxing the blood vessels and preventing salt retention. Indications: Hypertension, Heart failure, myocaidial infarction, kidney protection in diabetic patients Side effects: Cough, hypotension, hyperkalemia, anaphylaxis. Background: Angiotensin is a hormone produced by the kidneys. It causes vaso- constriction and salt retention, which contribute to high blood pressure. Drug Interactions: ACE inhibitors can cause high potassium which can lead to life- threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Patients using potassium supplements or potassium-sparing diuretics are more likely to experience problems. DO NOT USE IF YOU ARE PREGENT
2. Generic Name: Benazepril: Brand Name: Lotensin ACE
Inhibitor for hypertension
3. Generic Name: Enalapril: Brand Name: Vasotec ACE
Inhibitor for hypertension
4. Generic Name: Lisinopril: Brand Name: Prinivil, Zestril ACE
Inhibitor for hypertension
5. Generic Name: Quinapril: Brand Name: Accupril
ACE Inhibitor for hypertension
6. Generic Name: Rampril: Brand Name: Altace
ACE Inhibitor for hypertension
7. Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARB): Pharmacology: ARB's reduce the effect of
angiotensin by preventing receptor binding; ultimately lowering blood pressure by relaxing the blood vessels and reducing salt retention.
Indications: Hypertension, heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke prevention, renal protection in diabetic patients. Side effects: Fatigue, dizziness, hyperkalemia, hypotension, anaphylaxis Background: For angiotensin to exert its effect, it must be able to bind to angiotensin
Background: Sodium, found in salt, is associated with water retention and conse- quently, hypertension.
Drug Interactions: Potential for severe hypotension when combined with other blood-pressure-lowering drugs (ACE inhibitors, ARBs, loop diuretics, etc. Also, potential for severe hypokalemia when used with loop diuretics.
16. Generic Name: Chlorthalidone: Brand Name: Hygroton, Thalitone
Thiazide Diuretic for hypertension
17. Generic Name: Hydrochlorothiazide: Brand Name: Microzide
Thiazide Diuretic for hypertension
18. Generic Name: Lisinopril/Hydrochlorothiazide: Brand Name: Zestoretic
Thiazide Diuretic/ACE/ARB Combination for hypertension
19. Generic Name: Losartan/Hydrochlorothiazide: Brand Name: Hyzaar
Thiazide Diuretic/ACE/ARB Combination for hypertension
20. Loop Diuretic: Pharmacology: Similar to thiazide diuretics loop diuretics pro- mote
the transfer of salt and water from blood to the urine, thus reducing blood pressure. Indications: Hypertension, Edema Side effects: Hypokalemia, Hypertension, muscle cramps caused by low potassi- um, cardiac arrthmias, photo-sensitivity, SJS. Background: Sodium, found in salt, is associated with water retention and hyper- tension. Drug Interactions: Potential for severe hypotension when combined with other blood-pressure-lowering drugs (ACE inhibitors, ARBs, loop diuretics, etc. Also, potential for severe hypokalemia when used with loop diuretics.
21. Generic Name: Bumetanide: Brand Name: Bumex
Loop Diuretic for hypertension
22. Generic Name: Ethacrynic acid: Brand Name: Edecrin
Loop Diuretic for hypertension
23. Generic Name: Furosemide: Brand Name: Lasix
Loop Diuretic for hypertension
25. Potassium-Sparing Diuretics: Pharmacology: Increase the amount of salt and
water that leaves the body via urine, but without causing low potassium Indications: Hypertension, heart failure Side effects: hyperkalemia, Hypotension Background: Hypokalemia is a common side effect caused by diuretics Drug Interactions: Becuase these drugs work specifically to prevent potassium loss, they can actually cause high potassium levels.
26. Generic Name: Amiloride: Brand Name: Midamor
Potassium-sparing diuretic for hypertension
27. Generic Name: Eplerenone: Brand Name: Inspra
Potassium-sparing diuretic for hypertension
28. Generic Name: Spironolactone: Brand Name: Aldactone
Potassium-sparing diuretic for hypertension
29. Generic Name: Triamterene: Brand Name: Dyrenium
Potassium-sparing diuretic for hypertension
30. Generic Name: Spironolactone: Brand Name: Aldactazide Combination of
potassium-sparing and thiazide diuretic combination drugs.
31. Generic Name: Triamterene/hydrochlorothiazide: Brand Name: Dyazide,
Maxzide Combination of potassium-sparing and thiazide diuretic combination drugs.
32. Alpha 1 Receptor Antagonists (ALPHA 1 Blockers): Pharm: Prevent acti- vation of
alpha 1 receptors, leading to relaxing of blood vessels. these drugs also happen to relax muscles in the bladder neck and prostate. Indications: Hypertension, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) Side effects: Orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, syncope Background: Activation of alpha 1 receptors causes blood vessels to constrict.
Drug interactions: Increased risk of hypotension when used with other blood pressure lowering drugs.
42. Beta Receptor Antagonists (beta blocker): Pharm: prevent activation of beta-
receptors, reducing the heart rate and reducing the force of heartbeats. Beta Blockers also relax the blood vessels. these effects lead to decreased blood
pressure. Indications: Hypertension Angina, Atrial Fibrillation, Myocardial infarction, Migraine prevention. Side effects: Bradycardia, Exacerbation of Asthma or COPD, hypotension, Fatigue. Background: Beta Receptor activation increases heart rate, increases the force of heartbeats, and dilates the airways in the lungs. Drug Interactions: Certain beta-blockers can interfere with the effect of some asthma medications, like albuterol, that work by activating beta-receptors. The risk of hypotension increases when combined with other drugs that lower blood pressure. Notes: abrupt cessation of a beta-blocker can cause serious withdrawal symptoms. If a patient mentions anything about-about stopping a medication on his/her own, alert the pharmacist.
43. Generic Name: Acebutalol: Brand Name: Sectral
Beta blocker for hypertension
44. Generic Name: Atenolol: Brand Name: Tenormin
Beta blocker for hypertension
45. Generic Name: Carvedilol: Brand Name: Coreg
Beta blocker for hypertension
46. Generic Name: labetalol: Brand Name: Trandate
beta blocker for hypertension
47. Generic Name: Metoprolol succinate: Brand Name: Toprol XL beta
blocker for hypertension
48. Generic Name: Metoprolol tartrate: Brand Name: Lopressor
Beta blocker for hypertension
49. Generic Name: Propranolol: Brand Name: Inderal
Beta blocker for hypertension
50. Generic Name: Sotalol: Brand Name: Betapace
with less force and the blood vessels relax, both leading to a drop in blood pressure. Indications: Hypertension, Angina Side Effects: Fatigue, Edema Drug Interactions: The risk of hypotension increases when taken with other drug that lower blood pressure.
52. Generic Name: Amlodipine: Brand Name: Norvasc
Calcium channel blocker for hypertension
53. Generic Name: Diltiazem: Brand Name: Cardizem, Tiazac, Taztia XT
Calcium channel blocker for hypertension
54. Generic Name: Felodipine: Brand Name: Plendil
Calcium channel blocker for hypertension
55. Generic Name: Nifedipine: Brand Name: Procardia
Calcium channel blocker for hypertension
56. Generic Name: Nisoldipine: Brand Name: Sular
Calcium channel blocker for hypertension
57. Generic Name: Verapamil: Brand Name: Isoptin, Verelan, Calan
Calcium channel blocker for hypertension
58. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (Statins): Pharm: Inhibit the enzyme HMG-
CoA reductase, which is the key enzyme used by the liver to produce cholesterol. Indications: High Cholesterol Side Effects: Muscle Aches, Myopathy Background: Cholesterol comes from two sources: dietary intake (food) and pro- ductions by the liver. Drug Interactions: Grapefruit juice, in large amounts, can interfere with the metab- olism and elimination of statins. This can cause statins to accumulate in the body, eventually leading to serious health problems.
DO NOT USE IF YOU ARE PREGNANT
acid sequestrants for high cholesterol
70. Anticoagulants: Pharm: block/interfere with chemical reactions that lead to the
formation of fibrin
Indications: Prevention/Treatment of blood clots Side effects: excessive bleeding, easy bruising Background: Fibrin is one of the two major components of blood clots. It forms out of a series of chemical reactions between blood and chemicals released by a damage blood vessel. Drug Interactions: Foods, beverages, and supplements rich in vitamin K will in- terfere with the effect of warfarin. In addition, anticoagulants increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding when used with NSAIDs and asprin.
71. Generic Name: Heparin: Brand Name: ----
Anticoagulant for blood clots
72. Generic Name: Fondaparinux: Brand Name: Arixtra
Anticoagulant for blood clots
73. Generic Name: Warfarin: Brand Name: Coumadin, Jantoven
Anticoagulant for blood clots
74. Generic Name: Apixaban: Brand Name: Eliquis
Anticoagulant for blood clots
75. Generic Name: Enoxaparin: Brand Name: Lovenox
Anticoagulant for blood clots
76. Generic Name: Dabigatran: Brand Name: Pradaxa
Anticoagulant for blood clots
77. Generic Name: Rivaroxaban: Brand Name: Xarelto
Anticoagulant for blood clots
78. Antiplatelets: Pharm: Prevent/interfere with platelet aggregation
Indications: prevention or treatment of blood clots Side effects: bleeding, easy bruising Background: Patelets are one of two key components of a blood clot. they aggre- gate
Drug interactions: Antiplatelet drugs increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding when used with NSAIDs and aspirin.
79. Generic Name: Aspirin/Dipyridamole: Brand Name: Aggrenox
Antiplatelet for blood blots
80. Generic Name: Aspirin: Brand Name: Bayer Aspirin, Ecotrin
Antiplatelet for blood clots
81. Generic Name: Prasugrel: Brand Name: Effient
Antiplatelet for blood clots
82. Generic Name: eptifibatide: Brand Name: Integrilin
Antiplatelet for blood clots
83. Generic Name: Clopidogrel: Brand Name: Plavix
Antiplatelet for blood clots
84. Generic Name: Cilostazol: Brand Name: Pletal
Antiplatelet for blood clots
85. Generic Name: Abciximab: Brand Name: reopro
Antiplatelet for blood clots
86. Vasodilators: Pharm: Expand blood vessels that supply blood to the heart.
Indications: Angina, Hypertension, Heart failure Side Effects: hypotension, headache, dizziness Background: Angina is severe chest pain caused by insufficient blood flow to the heart and it can be the precursor to a heart attack. Drug Interactions: Increased risk of hypotension when used with other medications that can lower blood pressure.
87. Generic Name: Hydralazine: Brand Name: Apresoline
Vasodilator for Angina
88. Generic Name: Isosorbide Mononitrate: Brand Name: Imdur
Vasodilator for Angina
89. Generic Name: Isosorbide Dinitrate: Brand Name: Isordil
Vasodilator for Angina
90. Generic Name: Nitroglycerin (topical): Brand Name: Nitro-Bid
Vasodilator for Angina
