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PUBLIC HEALTH EXAM 4 QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
"Public Health Function: Assessment Functions - CORRECT ANSWER -Assess and monitor
population health -Investigate, diagnose, and address health hazards and root causes"
"Public Health Function: Policy Development Functions - CORRECT ANSWER -COMMUNICATE
EFFECTIVELY TO INFORM AND EDUCATE
-STRENGTHEN, SUPPORT, AND MOBILIZE COMMUNITIES AND PARTNERSHIPS
-CREATE, CHAMPION, AND IMPLEMENT POLICIES, PLANS, AND LAWS
-UTILIZE LEGAL AND REGULATORY ACTIONS"
"8 Local Health Department Roles - CORRECT ANSWER -Immunizations for those not covered
by the private system -Communicable disease surveillance and initial investigation of outbreaks -Communicable disease control -Inspection and licensing of restaurants -Environmental health surveillance -Coordinating public health screening programs -Tobacco control programs -Public health preparedness and response to disasters"
"EPA - CORRECT ANSWER -an independent federal agency established to coordinate
programs aimed at reducing pollution and protecting the environment -regulation of pesticide and water quality standards"
"OSHA - CORRECT ANSWER Occupational Safety and Health Administration, a government
agency in the Department of Labor to maintain a safe and healthy work environment"
"Department of Homeland Security - CORRECT ANSWER -US federal agency created in 2002
to coordinate national efforts against terrorism -disaster response"
"Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - CORRECT ANSWER -Formerly called
"foodstamps" -Makes relatively expensive items accessible"
"Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) - CORRECT
ANSWER -Federal grants to states for supplemental foods
-For low-income pregnant women, and infants and children up to age 5"
"Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) - CORRECT ANSWER Ensures an adequate supply
of food worldwide"
"FDA - CORRECT ANSWER Overall responsibility for food safety regulation"
"United States Department of Agriculture - CORRECT ANSWER Regulatory responsibilities for
meat, poultry, and eggs"
"CDC - CORRECT ANSWER Responsible for ongoing surveillance"
"Positive Feedback Loop - CORRECT ANSWER Product of the signs is positive"
"Negative Feedback Loop - CORRECT ANSWER Product of the signs is negative"
"One Health - CORRECT ANSWER -collaborative, multisectoral, and transdisciplinary
approach—working at the local, regional, national, and global levels—with the goal of achieving optimal health outcomes recognizing the interconnection between people, animals, plants, and their shared environment. -Human health is dependent on animal health and the health of the ecosystem -developed by veterinarians"
"Top 10 Emerging RNA Viruses - CORRECT ANSWER -HIV/AIDS
-Chikungunya -Dengue -Ebola -Hantavirus -Influenza A -MERS
- Communicate effectively to inform & educate
- Strengthen, support, and mobilize communities & partnerships
- Create champion, and implement policies, plans, and laws
- Utilize legal & regulatory actions
- Enable equitable access
- Build a diverse & skilled workforce
- Improve & innovate through evaluation, research, and quality improvement
- Build & maintain a strong organizational infrastructure for public health"
"Public Health Function: Assurance Functions - CORRECT ANSWER -enable equitable access
-build a diverse and skilled workforce -improve and innovate through evaluation, research, and quality improvement -build and maintain a strong organizational infrastructure for public health"
"8 State Health Department roles - CORRECT ANSWER -Collecting vital statistics
-Running a public health laboratory -Licensing health professionals -Administering nutrition program -Regulating health facilities -Drinking water regulation -Administration of the state Medicaid program -Office of the medical examiner"
"Key Governmental Health Agencies - CORRECT ANSWER CDC
ATSDR (toxic substances and disease) NIH FDA HRSA (Health resources services, improving healthcare access) AHRQ (improve the quality of healthcare) SAMHSA (substance abuse, mental health) IHS (native american health)"
"Community Based Participatory Research - CORRECT ANSWER -Problem: researchers will
come into communities, tell them what they're doing wrong and how to fix it, and then leave once funding dries up. This does not last very long after they leave and they go back to the way they were. -Solution: Community-based participatory research. Balance the power dynamic between researchers and researchees. Involve the community in every step of the research project, create a solution with them, not for them. They will then implement the solution and care for it long after the researchers are gone. Works especially well for marginalized communities."
"7 steps in foodborne outbreak investigation - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Detecting a possible
outbreak
- Defining and finding cases
- Generating hypotheses about likely sources
- Testing the hypothesis
- Finding the point of contamination & the source of the outbreak
- Controlling the outbreak
- Deciding that an outbreak is over"
"World Health Organization (WHO) - CORRECT ANSWER Makes recommendations regarding
the safety of the world food supply"
"Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) - CORRECT ANSWER -Develops food standards,
guidelines, and codes of practice -Form the basis for the rules of global trade"
"FDA Approval Phase 1 - CORRECT ANSWER -The initial administration of a drug to human
beings -Focuses on the pharmacology of the drug: Absorption -> Distribution -> Metabolism -> Excretion -Aims to establish the dosage range and route of administration to be used in subsequent studies -Examines safety issues -Capable of identifying common and serious side effects -Duration of exposure to drugs may be quite short: Days to weeks -Small number of participants -Focuses on: Effects on organs that are known to be especially sensitive to drugs like liver, kidney, bone marrow, testicles and effects that may be expected based on the known actions of a particular class of drugs"
"FDA Approval Phase 2 - CORRECT ANSWER -Small, sometimes uncontrolled, trials designed
to determine whether there is a suggestion of efficacy -Often aim to establish proof of concept -For a particular use or indication -Demonstrate the drug improves outcomes under research conditions -Used to justify an expensive, potentially harmful, and time-consuming Phase 3"
"FDA Approval Phase 3 - CORRECT ANSWER -Large, randomized control trials
-Gold standard for establishing efficacy for one particular indication -However, there are limitations for establishing safety: Too small, Too short, or Too simple"
"FDA Approval - CORRECT ANSWER -After Phase 3
-Implies the drug may be advertised and marketed for a particular indication, the one for which it was studied and approved. -It may be prescribed by clinicians for any patient -Off-label prescribing: The prescribing clinician has the authority to use the treatment for indications or at dosages not specifically approved by the FDA"
