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Public Health Nursing Roles and Responsibilities, Study notes of Health sciences

Concordia College–MoorheadHealth sciences

An overview of the roles and responsibilities of public health nurses, including their focus on assessing population health needs, collaborating with other disciplines, developing plans to promote health and prevent illness, and using data to influence health policy and resource allocation. It covers topics such as the social determinants of health, levels of prevention, the public health infrastructure, the essential public health services, and the public health nursing process. The document also discusses health disparities, vulnerable populations, environmental justice, and the impact of climate change on public health. Overall, this document offers a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted role of public health nurses in promoting the health and well-being of communities.

Typology: Study notes

2023/2024

Uploaded on 02/15/2024

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NUR 388 Midterm exam
1. Chapter 1
a. Social Determinants of Health (2)
i. Socioeconomic determinants are the bottom tier of the health impact pyramid,
represents changes in socioeconomic factors (poverty reduction, improved
education), often referred to as social determinants of health, that help form
the basic foundation of society.
ii.
b. Levels of Prevention (4)
i.
ii.
2. Chapter 2, pg 6, 15-16
a. Origin of government sponsored boards of health (1)
i. Occurred after the American Revolution due to the threat of diseases (yellow
fever). Public support for disease prevention sparked the establishment of
government sponsored boards of health.
ii. By 1800, NYC established public health services including water quality
monitoring, sewer construction, planting trees, burying the dead (wtf?).
b. Public health nursing roles (2)
i. PHN is a specialty with a distinct focus and scope of practice; it requires a special
knowledge base. The role of the public health nurse has changed over the years
in response to the following:
pf3
pf4
pf5

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NUR 388 Midterm exam

  1. Chapter 1 a. Social Determinants of Health (2) i. Socioeconomic determinants are the bottom tier of the health impact pyramid, represents changes in socioeconomic factors (poverty reduction, improved education), often referred to as social determinants of health, that help form the basic foundation of society. ii. b. Levels of Prevention (4) i. ii.
  2. Chapter 2, pg 6, 15- a. Origin of government sponsored boards of health (1) i. Occurred after the American Revolution due to the threat of diseases (yellow fever). Public support for disease prevention sparked the establishment of government sponsored boards of health. ii. By 1800, NYC established public health services including water quality monitoring, sewer construction, planting trees, burying the dead (wtf?). b. Public health nursing roles (2) i. PHN is a specialty with a distinct focus and scope of practice; it requires a special knowledge base. The role of the public health nurse has changed over the years in response to the following:
  1. Changes in health care
  2. Priorities for health care funding
  3. The needs of the population
  4. The educational preparation of nurses ii. iii. Public health nurses assess the health and health care needs of a population in collaboration with other disciplines to identify subpopulations, families and individuals at increased risk for illness, disability or premature death. Develops and plans interventions to meet these needs. The plan includes resources available and activities that contribute to health and its recovery and the prevention of illness, disability and premature death. Implements the plan effectively, efficiently and equitably. Evaluates progress to determine the extent to which these activities have influenced the health-status outcomes of the population. Uses the results to influence and direct the delivery of care, the use of health resources and the development of local, regional, state and national health policy and research to promote health and prevent disease. c. Population health jurisdiction (1) i. Local protections and services unique to a community’s needs are those determined to be of additional critical significance to a specific community’s health and are supported by the public health infrastructure and programs. This work is essential to a given community and cannot be visually depicted because it varies by jurisdiction. d. Public health infrastructure (1) i. Public health system is mandated through laws that are developed at all government levels. ii. Public health infrastructure consists of the foundational capabilities, which are the cross-cutting skills and capacities needed to support basic public health

ESSENTIAL PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE #10 Build and maintain a strong organizational infrastructure for public health f. Public health nursing process (1)

3. BOX 1.

4. T h e P u b l i c H e a l t h N u r s i n g P r o c e s s

5. Public health nursing is a systematic process of working with the client as a partner that

does the following:

6. • Assesses the health and health care needs of a population in collaboration with other

disciplines to identify subpopulations (aggregates), families, and individuals at increased

risk for illness, disability, or premature death.

7. • Develops and plans interventions to meet these needs. The plan includes resources

available and activities that contribute to health and its recovery and the prevention of

illness, disability, and premature death.

8. • Implements the plan effectively, efficiently, and equitably.

9. • Evaluates progress to determine the extent to which these activities have influenced the

health-status outcomes of the population.

10. • Uses the results to influence and direct the delivery of care, the use of health resources,

and the development of local, regional, state, and national health policy and research to

promote health and prevent diseases.

a. Core public health functions (2) i. Assessment: using a systematic methods to monitor the health of a population ii. policy development: developing laws and practices to promote the health of a population based on scientific evidence iii. Assurance: Making sure adequate health care personnel and services are accessible, especially to those who might not normally have them. b. US Healthcare economics (1)

  1. Chapter 5 & 6; figure 6. a. Cultural awareness (1) i. Cultural awareness is the self-examination and in-depth exploration of one’s own biases, stereotypes, and prejudices that influence behavior. Culturally competent nurses learn about the cultures of the clients whom they serve, and they respect people from other cultures and value diversity; this helps them provide more responsive care. i. Culturally aware nurses can:
  2. Learn about the cultural dimensions of clients
  3. Understand their own behavior and how it helps or hinders the delivery of competent care to persons from cultures other than their own.
  4. Recognize that health is expressed differently across cultures and that culture influences an individual’s responses to health, illness, disease, and death. a. Environmental Justice (2) i. Some diseases differentially affect different populations. People who live in poverty are more likely to be exposed to environmental hazards in situations such as crowded living

conditions, living closer to hazardous wastes, having poorer-quality foods available to them and being exposed to hazards such as lead in paint, pollution in the air or water and hazardous jobs. ii. Certain environmental health risks disproportionately affect poor people and people of color in the United States. A poor person of color is more likely to

  1. Live near a hazardous waste site or an incinerator
  2. have children who are exposed to lead
  3. have children with asthma, which has a strong association with environmental exposures. iii. Campaigns in communities of color and poor communities to improve the unequal burden of environmental risks strive to achieve environmental justice or environmental equity. b. Climate change (1) i. 2 concurrent categories of roles for nurses: mitigation and response
  4. mitigation: mitigate the steep upward slope that we are now observing for temperature, CO2 levels, desertification, and sea water levels. working at the individual, community, institutional, and governmental levels to ensure energy conserving policies and practices, rational transportation practices, and changes in our consumption patterns
  5. Response: public health nurses must lead the development of contingencies for long-term, high heat weather conditions, as well as increased storm activities. ii.
  6. Chapters 21-24; “What is trauma informed care?” a. Health disparities (2)

a. Web of causality (1) i. The web of causality is a term that recognizes complex interrelationships of many factors interacting, sometimes in subtle ways, to increase or decrease the risk for disease. b. Epidemiological triangle (1) i. Agent: an animate or inanimate factor that must be present or lacking for a disease or condition to develop.

  1. Infectious agents
  2. Chemical agents
  3. Physical agents ii. Host: A living species capable of being infected or affected by agent.
  4. Genetic susceptibility
  5. Immutable characteristics (Age, sex)
  6. Acquired characteristics (immunological status)
  7. Lifestyle factors (diet, exercise) iii. Environment: All that is internal or external to a given host or agent and that is influenced and influences the host and or agent.
  8. Climate
  9. Plant and animal life
  10. Human population distribution
  11. Socioeconomic factors
  12. Working conditions c. Data collection (1) d. Data Analysis (1) e. Surveillance (4) f. Type of outbreak (1) g. Population indicators (1)