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Public Speaking Final
What is missing from this definition of public speaking, according to the textbook? "A face-to-face attempt to inform, persuade, or entertain a group of people through words, physical delivery, and visual or audio aids." - a and b above the concept of organization the concept of intentionality or purposefulness An introvert is unlikely to become an effective public speaker. - false One tip for preparation that the textbook suggests is _________. - to eat protein for breakfast This textbook's preferred model of communication is - transactional Which is not an example of feedback? - the temperature in the room Which of the following statements is true, according to the textbook? - The audience will not see your nervousness to the degree you feel it. Models of communication are helpful in understanding it, but limited because ___ - communication is a dynamic process Which of the following is not an element of the process of communication? - perception What is the idea behind the canons of rhetoric? - It is a traditional way of explaining the process of public speaking. The meaning of encode is ___. - the process of the sender putting his/her thought and feelings into words or other symbols
Cicero formulated the canons of rhetoric. Which is the correct order? - invention, organization, style, memory, delivery Learning from other public speakers, and emulating their techniques, is unethical. - false Which of the following is suggested for addressing anxiety about public speaking? - Examine your own thoughts about why you are anxious. Which is a lesson we can learn from the quotation about communication from Johann Goethe, the German philosopher? - One reason for studying public speaking is to become aware of the potential for public speaking's limitations or "noise" factors. Which of the following is not true? - Public speaking is a valuable way to relay a significant amount of detailed information to your audience. "Decode" is the process of the listener or receiver understanding the words and symbols of a message and making meaning of them. - true In the communication process, one person does the encoding and the other person does the decoding. - false Which of the following is not one of the canons of rhetoric? - appearance ________ is sharing meaning between two or more persons. - communication The meaning of connotative is ___. - the subjective or personal meaning a word or symbol evokes in people together or individual Aristotle explained the concept of ethos as one of the sources of persuasion, in the Greek Classical Age. - true The idea of "free marketplace of ideas" originated a____. - 17th century England
In this example, did Manuel plagiarize? - yes Freedom of expression is primarily an individual right and necessity. - false All of the philosophers cited in the text would have agreed with "the ends justify the means" in some form. - false How is correctly citing in a speech different from in a paper? - In a paper, the reader can look at the references page for full information on a source, but listeners can't. Which of these is not a contributing factor to a speaker's credibility? - ethnicity Which statement is true about listening, according to textbook? - Our preparation beforehand influences our listening ability. Which is not a barrier to listening given in the textbook? - speaker's use of personal anecdotes The meaning of listening is ___. - an active process of making an effort to understand, process, and retain The first step to becoming a better listener is to bring paper and pencil to each listening event. - false Which of these statements is true about listening? - Listening involves making an effort to process and retain information. "The attitude of audience toward the speaker based on both reality and perception" is a definition of - credibility The importance of ethics of communication has been debated since at least the classical Greeks' time. - true
Similarities between the audience and the speaker have no effect on the speaker's credibility with the audience. - false Many people make say negative things about President Trump on Twitter. Why is this not defamation? - he is a public person This is a portion of an article on Malcolm X that Barry wants to use for a speech on the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s. It is from the book by Bruce Perry, Malcolm: The Life of the Man who Changed Black America, written in 1992: "Malcolm X fathered no legislation. He engineered no stunning Supreme Court victories or political campaigns. He scored no major electoral triumphs. Yet because of the way he articulated his followers' grievances and anger, the impact he had upon the body politic was enormous." Which of the following would be a correct, non plagiarizing use of the source? - Bruce Perry said of Malcolm X that, "because of the way he articulated his followers' grievances and anger, the impact he had upon the body politic was enormous." The idea that "any behavior we engage in should be what we think everyone else on the planet should do ethically" is a paraphrase of - The Categorical Imperative Which statement is true about speaker credibility? - Citing reliable sources can add to your credibility as a speaker. Which is the correct order of the credibility that an audience experiences toward a speaker during a speech? - Initial credibility, derived credibility terminal credibility "Fair use" is a part of copyright law that says students in classrooms can use a small amount of borrowed material in their assignments, such a quoting a popular song, since they aren't making money from it. - true "Rhetoric" is the word originally used for - public speaking If your instructors ban electronic devices, they have evidence for doing so other than personal preference. - true
Organization of speech ideas and materials involves three steps, in this order: ordering, labeling and subordinating. - false What is meant by "extemporaneous speech?" - A speech based on an outline, which provides flexibility in preparation and delivery. Speeches should contain from three to six main points. - false Although beginning speakers should be sure to have connective statements, more accomplished speakers do not need them. - false The introduction of the speech should be - About 10-15% of speech time The speaker should state the source of the quotation used in an introduction before giving the quotation. - true Which of these is a common error in speech introductions? - speaking as one approaches the platform or lectern Planned redundancy is not relevant to introductions and conclusions. - false The acronym WIIFM refers to - The audience asking why the subject/purpose is important to them. Which is good advice on using humor? - Practice your humor (whether joke or story) before others before using it in the speech. Which statement is true about the place of the central idea in actually giving the speech? - It comes after the attention-getting material. The word used by the Roman scholars of rhetoric, "invention" comes from a word that means _____. - to discover
Ned wants to give a speech in his class about a subject he is very interested in, his band. He feels he is an expert because of his experience. His specific purpose is "To inform my classmates why starting a band is a cool idea." Which of the following is a reasonable response to this specific purpose statement? - He needs to reword the specific purpose statement mostly to focus on the communication word being fulfilled in the speech. The term from classical rhetoric, "invention" is essentially the process of - Choosing the particular message and approach for the audience and situation. "To persuade my fellow communication majors to take part in a for-credit internship in their senior year" is a good specific purpose statement. - Yes, it is in the right format and specific Which is true of your audience in terms of organization of speeches? - There are limits to the amount of categories or "points" that an audience can keep in their minds. Which is an example of the concept of "chunking"? - Combining a series of 15 steps into 4 basic categories of steps in a demonstration speech. Parallelism is a requirement for organized speeches. - false Why is organization important to a speech? - Good organization benefits speaker credibility. It is possible to use one organizational pattern for the main points and another for the subpoints. - true Juana starts her speech like this: "Love is the most important human emotion. Webster's Dictionary defines love as an intense feeling of deep affection. We all need love in our lives. Parents with children, friends with friends, husbands and wives. Where would we be without love? My speech today will look at how you can express your love more clearly to those around you." Which of the following is true about her introduction? - She resorts to a pedantic method of introducing her topic. A rhetorical question is used to get the audience to respond and start discussing the topic among themselves. - false
You should start your preparation for the after-dinner speech by finding all the humorous material you can on your main topic. - false In which of these special occasion speeches would humor be the most important aspect? - after-dinner speech What should a presentation speech include? - two of a-c AKA what the award involves (money, etc.) why the recipient is being awarded it To create interesting language in a special occasion speech, use a thesaurus for synonyms. - false The content of the eulogy is for the audience, not the deceased. - true Special occasion speeches, because of the context, generally do not need the same type of considerations such as main ideas, transitions, and conclusions. - false Inside or personal jokes are not helpful for some special occasion speeches, such as roasts, toasts, and after-dinner. - true You are unlikely to give many special occasion speeches unless you are in sales, business, or marketing. - false Emotional expression is inappropriate in special occasion speeches. - false Sounds and words such as "uh" or "you know" or "like" are called ___. - vocalized pauses Use of manuscript speaking requires ____ - practice to achieve an animated voice
It is effective to use your laptop or iPad for notes in your speech. - false Which type of speech delivery is utilized by the people like the President at the State of the Union? - manuscript Which of the following are true about practice? - All of the above. "Be thankful, be gracious, be short" is good advice for a _________. - speech of acceptance The time that you probably will not spend on research for a special occasion speech should be spent on _____. - language Since the commencement speech is about the graduates, speakers should refrain from referring to themselves or their own experiences. - false Where would you not be likely to hear a toast? - Convention presentation Where would you be likely to hear a eulogy? - memorial service Which best defines a special occasion speech? - a speech designed to address and engage the context and audience's emotions at a specific event Manuscript speeches are best for _____. - very formal occasions where exact wording is needed One of the important things to work on in practicing with an audience is eye contact. - true One of the problems with smaller audience size is that audience members may feel it is all right to interrupt. - true
"Information that has been compiled, filtered, edited or interpreted in some way" defines - secondary sources Mary wants to use a short survey to prepare her class speech. Her thesis is "Drivers over the age of 75 should be retested to renew their drivers licenses every two years." Her first question is "Do you oppose or support stricter regulations on elderly drivers to keep the roads safer?" Critique her first question. - It is not good because the wording is biased. Which of these is an example of writing style as a test of a website? - all of a-c AKA loaded language errors use of name-calling If you construct a survey in your class about your speech topic and get your classmates' opinions, that is - primary research To "read laterally" means to read what other sources say about the material or source of the information. - true Using research properly relates to the ethics and credibility of a speech. - true The factor of attention "proximity" relates to which of the following: - Your audience sits close together and is not far from you as the speaker. Statistics include numerical facts, ratios, percentages, and more complex ways of analyzing and comparing numerical data. - true A definition could be thought of as _____. - setting limits on a word or phrases meanings. This definition: "Diabetes is a disease affecting the endocrine system" is an example of - classification and differentiation
Which is true about a fact? - Someone can cite who discovered the fact and how other authorities have supported it The analogy used in the textbook for explaining supporting material is a ____________. - bridge Which of the following is a good use of statistical material in a speech? - Comparing large numbers to more recognizable concepts, like the national debt to the distance to the moon. A speaker's credibility is improved by use of clear and respectful language. - true "After a serviceman or woman leaves the military, he or she must find a use for the MOS." This is an example of ____. - jargon Why should you avoid clichés? - all of a-c AKA Some of them are not understood even though people use them a lot. They are predictable and therefore stale. Some of them can be offensive to some ethnicities Which is most abstract? - kitchen furnishings "They found themselves in hot water when they got cold feet about the revenue - enhancing project" is an example of - all of the above Why might the study of language be controversial? - Language can be used by the powerful in ways that extends their power. This is a portion from Dr. King's I Have A Dream Speech. "One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One
What type of informative speech topic is a speech with the specific purpose: "To explain to my classmates the types of clubs in a golfer's bag"? - categories or divisions What type of informative speech topic is a speech with the specific purpose: "To inform my audience about the legal definition of privacy"? - ideas or concepts How might you best approach a speech about Area 51 in Roswell, New Mexico (rumored site of suspected alien activity)? - It can be an informative speech if you look equally at both sides, pro and con, of whether aliens were there. A speech with the specific purpose: "To explain to my audience the evidence supporting that Lee Harvey Oswald assassinated President Kennedy in a conspiracy" is a viable informative speech topic. - false "We will fight them on the beaches; we will fight them on the seas" is an example of - anaphora The statement the textbook uses to discuss the controversial nature of language is ____. - He who defines the terms wins the debate. The difference between a simile and metaphor is that _____. - a and b are correct AKA a simile uses "like" or "as" and metaphors do not metaphors are more direct comparisons and therefore generally more powerful Generally, a metaphor has more strength and effectiveness than a simile. - True A connotative meaning for "red" could be _______. - All of a-c What type of informative speech topic is a speech with the specific purpose: "To explain to my classmates the sequence of steps in getting a tattoo"? - processes
What type of informative speech topic is a speech with the specific purpose: "To explain to my classmates the how the meanings of libel and slander are different in the United States and United Kingdom?" - ideas or concepts What type of informative speech topic is a speech with the specific purpose: To explain to my classmates the four characteristics of a diamond? - categories or divisions Why is the following specific purpose statement not viable? "To inform my class about the events preceding the second world war." - This specific purpose is too broad. Which is the best approach to dealing with the difficulty of persuading audiences? - all of a-c An example of trying to reinforce an attitude or action would be a political speaker urging the audience to be sure to vote on Election Day for a specific candidate. - true According to the textbook, fear appeals are ineffective except in extreme situations, when the audience is particularly hostile. - false "The main cause of climate change is human activity" is a proposition of - fact The members of an audience the speaker most wants to persuade and who are likely to be receptive to persuasive messages constitute the - target audience Speech topics such as supporting the police, buying a security system, or investing for retirement appeal to the ____ level of Maslow's hierarchy. - safety and security needs Which statement is true about the action step in Monroe's Motivated Sequence? - it should specify immediate, small actions that can be taken to address the problem A straw man argument takes place when - a speaker takes a weak or faulty but small part of an opponent's position and blows it up out of proportion.
In terms of public speaking, how should you approach using animals and persons as presentation aids? - get permission from the person and forewarn the instructor and audience about animals in the room. A chart is mainly different from a graph in that a graph deals with numerical data using dots, bars, and lines while a chart can deal with other data. - true
