APA 6th Edition Writing Style Workshop: Formatting Guidelines and Quotations, Study notes of Ethics

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Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA) 6th^ Edition Writing Style Workshop

Presented by:Tomás Rivera Center

Why should I learn APA style?

• Provides reader with a consistent format
• Allows reader to focus on content
• Consistency is easier for the writer to follow the rules
• Graduate school prep
• Used in the field for publication

What we will cover today

• Changes in the 6th^ Edition
• General Manuscript Instructions
• Common grammar/punctuation mistakes
• References IN text
• Quotations in text
• Reference List
• Bias in language
• Helpful tools for writing

Overall Changes

• More tech savvy
• Book is reorganized for better use, from publication basics & ethics, to structure & content, to writing style & rules, then graphics, then working with the publisher.
• Focus has been broadened to include readers in the social and behavioral sciences.

Major Manuscript Changes in the 6th^ Edition

• Page header now includes Running head (p. 230)
• Electronic journal references includes DOI (digital object identifier) (p. 198)
• Heading levels changed, including using boldface type for many (p. 62)
• Two spaces after a period at the end of a sentence (p. 88)

Tabbing the Manual

• • Changes p.
• • Appendix p.
• • Sample Paper p.
• • Headings p.
• • Tables & Figures p.
• • Quoting p.
• • Reference in Text p.
• • Reference list p.
• • Checklist p.

Header changes

• The header now includes the Running head: IN UPPER CASE (max of 50 characters, including spaces)
• But on subsequent pages the words ―Running head‖ are not there.
• In Word 2007, once you are in header, use ―different first page‖ tool to create this.

Running head: INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN BIMODAL PROCESSES 1

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN BIMODAL PROCESSES 2

General Instructions, cont.

• Title Page
  • Title
  • Name
  • Institutional Affiliation
• Running Head
  • (less than 50 characters, including spaces)
  • Fully justified as a header with page number

Headings (p. 62)

 There are five levels of headings which follow a top-down progression.

Centered, Boldface, and Upper and Lowercase Heading Flush Left, Boldface, and Upper and Lowercase Heading Indented, boldface, lowercase heading ending with a period. Indented, bold face, italicized, lowercase heading ending with a period. Indented, italicized, lowercase heading ending with a period.

First…

• Common grammar mistakes in APA papers

Semicolon (p. 89)

• Use to separate two independent clauses that are not joined by a conjunction - The participants in the first study were paid; those in the second study were unpaid.
• Use to separate elements in a series that already contain commas - The color order was red, yellow, blue; blue, yellow, red; or yellow, red, blue.

Colon (p. 90)

• Use between a complete introductory clause and a final phrase. (If the clause following the colon is a complete sentence, it begins with a capital letter.) - Freud (1930/1961) wrote of two urges: an urge toward union with others and …
• DO NOT USE after an introduction that is not a complete sentence. - The formula is r = e + a. (correct) - The formula is: r = e + a. (incorrect)

Quotation Marks (p. 91)

• Use to introduce a word or phrase used as an ironic comment or coined expression only the first time it is used. - Considered ―normal‖ behavior - This is an ironic use of ―normal‖, therefore it is put in quotation marks. - The ―good-outcome‖ variable - This is a term coined by the student writer, therefore it is put in quotation marks.
• To set off the title of an article or chapter in a book when used in text (NOT in the reference list).

Quotation Marks, cont.

• DO NOT USE to cite a letter, word, phrase, or sentence as a linguistic example. (Instead, italicize them.) - He clarified the difference between farther and further.
• DO NOT USE to introduce a technical or key term. (Instead, italicize them.) - The term zero-base budgeting appeared…