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Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA) 6th^ Edition Writing Style Workshop
Presented by:Tomás Rivera Center
Why should I learn APA style?
- Provides reader with a consistent format
- Allows reader to focus on content
- Consistency is easier for the writer to follow the rules
- Graduate school prep
- Used in the field for publication
What we will cover today
- Changes in the 6th^ Edition
- General Manuscript Instructions
- Common grammar/punctuation mistakes
- References IN text
- Quotations in text
- Reference List
- Bias in language
- Helpful tools for writing
Overall Changes
- More tech savvy
- Book is reorganized for better use, from publication basics & ethics, to structure & content, to writing style & rules, then graphics, then working with the publisher.
- Focus has been broadened to include readers in the social and behavioral sciences.
Major Manuscript Changes in the 6th^ Edition
- Page header now includes Running head (p. 230)
- Electronic journal references includes DOI (digital object identifier) (p. 198)
- Heading levels changed, including using boldface type for many (p. 62)
- Two spaces after a period at the end of a sentence (p. 88)
Tabbing the Manual
- • Changes p.
- • Appendix p.
- • Sample Paper p.
- • Headings p.
- • Tables & Figures p.
- • Quoting p.
- • Reference in Text p.
- • Reference list p.
- • Checklist p.
Header changes
- The header now includes the Running head: IN UPPER CASE (max of 50 characters, including spaces)
- But on subsequent pages the words ―Running head‖ are not there.
- In Word 2007, once you are in header, use ―different first page‖ tool to create this.
Running head: INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN BIMODAL PROCESSES 1
INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN BIMODAL PROCESSES 2
General Instructions, cont.
- Title Page
- Title
- Name
- Institutional Affiliation
- Running Head
- (less than 50 characters, including spaces)
- Fully justified as a header with page number
Headings (p. 62)
There are five levels of headings which follow a top-down progression.
Centered, Boldface, and Upper and Lowercase Heading Flush Left, Boldface, and Upper and Lowercase Heading Indented, boldface, lowercase heading ending with a period. Indented, bold face, italicized, lowercase heading ending with a period. Indented, italicized, lowercase heading ending with a period.
First…
- Common grammar mistakes in APA papers
Semicolon (p. 89)
- Use to separate two independent clauses that are not joined by a conjunction - The participants in the first study were paid; those in the second study were unpaid.
- Use to separate elements in a series that already contain commas - The color order was red, yellow, blue; blue, yellow, red; or yellow, red, blue.
Colon (p. 90)
- Use between a complete introductory clause and a final phrase. (If the clause following the colon is a complete sentence, it begins with a capital letter.) - Freud (1930/1961) wrote of two urges: an urge toward union with others and …
- DO NOT USE after an introduction that is not a complete sentence. - The formula is r = e + a. (correct) - The formula is: r = e + a. (incorrect)
Quotation Marks (p. 91)
- Use to introduce a word or phrase used as an ironic comment or coined expression only the first time it is used. - Considered ―normal‖ behavior - This is an ironic use of ―normal‖, therefore it is put in quotation marks. - The ―good-outcome‖ variable - This is a term coined by the student writer, therefore it is put in quotation marks.
- To set off the title of an article or chapter in a book when used in text (NOT in the reference list).
Quotation Marks, cont.
- DO NOT USE to cite a letter, word, phrase, or sentence as a linguistic example. (Instead, italicize them.) - He clarified the difference between farther and further.
- DO NOT USE to introduce a technical or key term. (Instead, italicize them.) - The term zero-base budgeting appeared…