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PVD exam questions with correct answers
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A community health nurse is teaching a group of adults about the risk factors associated with peripheral vascular disease (PVD) and chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). Which risk factor should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.) A. Male sex B. Excess body weight C. Age 45 or older D. Physical inactivity E. Increased cholesterol levels - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Excess body weight Physical inactivity E.
Increased cholesterol levels Rationale: Risk factors associated with PVD and CVI include increased cholesterol levels, excess body weight or obesity, and physical inactivity. Clients age 50 and older are at greatest risk for developing PVD or CVI. Males and females are equally affected by these conditions. The nurse is performing an assessment on a client with peripheral vascular disease (PVD). Which finding should the nurse expect? A. Dilated blood vessels in the eye B. Decreased sensation of the upper extremities C. Wheezing upon auscultation of the lungs D. Delayed capillary refill in the lower extremities - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Delayed capillary refill in the lower extremities Rationale: Delayed capillary refill in the lower extremities may be present in the client with PVD. The other clinical manifestations are not present in the client with PVD.
medications. It is also unknown whether this client requires those medications. However, blood pressure and cholesterol-lowering medications can help slow or reverse the progress of PVD if taken as ordered by a provider The nurse is completing a physical assessment on a client with edema and pooling of blood in the veins of the lower extremities. The nurse suspects the diagnosis of chronic venous insufficiency. Which additional assessment finding should the nurse expect to observe? A. Cool feet and toes B. Gangrene C. Absent pedal pulses D. Skin hyperpigmentation - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Skin hyperpigmentation Rationale: Symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency include edema of the lower extremities and hyperpigmentation of the skin of the feet and ankles. Absent pulses, cool skin on the feet and toes, and gangrene are signs of an arterial problem, not a venous problem.
A nurse is examining a client diagnosed with peripheral vascular disease (PVD) who has an ulcer on the great right toe. Which additional assessment finding should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply). A. There is an absence of hair on the legs. B. There is brown pigmentation of the lower extremity. C. The extremity is cool to touch. D. There is pitting edema in the lower extremity. E. The toenails are thickened. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔There is an absence of hair on the legs. C. The extremity is cool to touch. E. The toenails are thickened. Rationale: Wounds on the toes, absence of hair on the legs, cool extremities, and thick toenails are all features of arterial problems.
feet dry. When swimming, water should be warm because cool water causes vasospasm, worsening the client's condition. The client should buy shoes in the afternoon, when feet are largest A nurse is teaching a client diagnosed with peripheral arterial disease about proper positioning of the lower extremities. Which client statement indicates a need for further teaching? A. "I will avoid crossing my legs." B. "I should hang my legs off the bed while I am resting." C. "I can sit in a chair while I watch television." D. "I will elevate my legs and feet on pillows when I lie down." - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔"I will elevate my legs and feet on pillows when I lie down." Rationale: Elevation of the affected limb can slow arterial blood flow to the feet, so this position should be avoided. The client may sleep with the extremities hanging or positioned upright in a chair. The client is also instructed to avoid crossing the legs because this interferes with blood flow.
The nurse is teaching a client about lifestyle modifications to promote vasodilation in a client with peripheral vascular disease (PVD). Which intervention should the nurse suggest? A. Stop smoking. B. Wash extremities in cool water. C. Walk daily. D. Take an aspirin daily. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Stop smoking. Rationale: Smoking causes vasoconstriction, so stopping smoking will improve vasodilation. Increasing activity such as walking may lead to collateral circulation but does not cause vasodilation. The use of aspirin may impede platelet clumping but does not cause vasodilation. Cool water may cause vasoconstriction to occur. The nurse is caring for a client recently diagnosed with peripheral vascular disease (PVD). Which intervention should the nurse teach the client? (Select all that apply.) A. Put on above-the-knee elastic hose with the legs elevated. B.
pregangrenous lesions on his left foot. The nurse should expect to prepare the client for which collaborative intervention? A. Revascularization surgery B. Intense pulsed light (IPL) C. Semirigid boots D. Smoking cessation classes - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Revascularization surgery Rationale: When PVD is severe enough to cause pain with rest and pregangrenous or gangrenous lesions, revascularization therapy is likely necessary. IPL and semirigid boots are used to treat stasis pigmentation. Although smoking cessation is vital in the treatment of PVD, there is no information in this scenario that the client smokes. Additionally, smoking cessation alone will not treat severe PVD. A nurse is teaching a client about aspirin for peripheral vascular disease (PVD). Which client statement indicates that teaching has been successful? A. "This medication will help decrease the plaque in my arteries."
"This medication will thin out my blood so it flows easier." C. "This medication will prevent me from developing a blood clot." D. "This medication will open my arteries and increase blood flow to my legs. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔"This medication will prevent me from developing a blood clot." Rationale: Aspirin, an antiplatelet, is prescribed in PVD to prevent clot formation. Aspirin does not vasodilate, decrease viscosity, or help decrease plaque in the arteries. Pentoxifylline (Trental) decreases blood viscosity and Cilostazol (Pletal) decreases blood viscosity in addition to preventing further clots. A nurse is teaching a client with suspected peripheral vascular disease (PVD) about segmental pressure measurements. Which statement should the nurse include in the teaching? A. "If you have PVD, your BP may be lower in your legs than your arms." B. "We need to do this before surgery to locate and evaluate the blood clot." C.
Increased carbohydrate intake to promote wound healing - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Application of elastic compression stockings Rationale: Use of elastic compression stockings is essential to healing of venous stasis ulcers. High dietary intake of protein, rather than carbohydrates, is needed for wound healing. Antibiotics are not routinely used for venous ulcers. Moist dressings are used for venous stasis ulcers, not dry dressings. The nurse is teaching a client about the endarterectomy she will undergo soon for peripheral atherosclerosis. Which statement should the nurse include in the teaching? A. The purpose of an endarterectomy is to remove plaque from the artery. B. The purpose of an endarterectomy is to vaporize the occluding material. C. An endarterectomy is the first choice of treatment for peripheral atherosclerosis. D. An endarterectomy allows for the placement of a bypass graft. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The purpose of an endarterectomy is to remove plaque from the artery.
Rationale: An endarterectomy is performed to remove plaque from an occluded artery. Laser or thermal angioplasty is used to vaporize occluding material. Surgery is not a first choice, but is performed if symptoms are progressive, severe, or disabling. Bypass grafts are placed during bypass graft surgery. The nurse is talking to a client with peripheral vascular disease (PVD) who reports using biofeedback as a complementary therapy. The nurse knows this serves which purpose for PVD? A. Decreasing arterial plaque buildup B. Improving peripheral circulation C. Lowering overall cholesterol D. Reducing stress - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Improving peripheral circulation Rationale: Biofeedback is used to improve peripheral circulation; biofeedback does not reduce plaque buildup. Exercise and a change in diet can reduce overall cholesterol and slow the progress of PVD. Many
Rationale: During the health history portion of the nursing assessment for the client with PVD, the nurse will assess client history of coronary artery disease (CAD), current medications and diet, and any complaints of pain. Presence of skin discoloration would be assessed during the physical exam portion of the nursing assessment. The nurse is caring for a client with peripheral vascular disease (PVD). Which nursing intervention should the nurse implement? (Select all that apply.) A. Keep legs in dependent position during sleep. B. Assess peripheral pulses. C. Keep lower extremities warm. D. Encourage exercise. E. Encourage frequent position change. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Assess peripheral pulses. C. Keep lower extremities warm.
Encourage exercise. E. Encourage frequent position change. Rationale: To evaluate and promote tissue perfusion in the client with PVD, the nurse should assess peripheral pulses to ensure adequate perfusion, keep lower extremities warm to prevent vasoconstriction associated with cold temperatures, encourage exercise to increase circulation to lower extremities, and encourage frequent position changes to avoid a decrease in circulation to the lower extremities. The nurse should elevate the legs during sleep and rest. Elevation promotes venous return from the extremity, increasing circulation and relieving pain. The nurse is assessing a client diagnosed with chronic vascular insufficiency (CVI). Which assessment finding should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.) A. Pale skin on lower legs B. Lower extremity edema C. Excessive hair growth on the legs
Discuss benefits of daily exercise. D. Assess the posterior tibial and pedal pulses. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Assess the posterior tibial and pedal pulses. Rationale: This client is describing symptoms of intermittent claudication. The nurse should assess the strength and equality of peripheral pulses to determine perfusion. Changes in skin color are important but not the priority. The nurse should complete the assessment before contacting the healthcare provider or discussing the benefits of daily exercise. The nurse is evaluating the goal established for a client with peripheral vascular disease, "The client will learn appropriate foot and wound care." Which outcome demonstrates goal achievement? A. The client demonstrates proper wound care techniques to the nurse. B. The client informs the nurse that the wound is improving C. The client's leg ulcer is showing signs of healing. D.
The client's leg wound shows no signs of infection. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The client demonstrates proper wound care techniques to the nurse. Rationale: Client goals are measurable, specific, realistic, and achievable. The client verbalizing proper wound care demonstrates goal achievement. The ulcer showing signs of healing and improvement, and no signs of infection are medical outcomes.
