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Contents
Overview 1
Introduction to the .NET Platform 2
Overview of the .NET Framework 5
Benefits of the .NET Framework 7
The .NET Framework Components 8
Languages in the .NET Framework 14
Review 16
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Microsoft, MS-DOS, Windows, Windows NT, ActiveX, BizTalk, IntelliSense, JScript, MSDN, PowerPoint, SQL Server, Visual Basic, Visual C++, Visual C#, Visual J#, Visual Studio, and Win32 are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the U.S.A. and/or other countries.
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iv Module 1: Overview of the Microsoft .NET Platform
Use the following strategy to present this module:
Introduction to the .NET Platform Discuss the core services and technologies provided by the .NET Platform. Briefly talk about the .NET Framework. It is covered later in more detail. Overview of the .NET Framework Ensure that students understand the role that the common language specification plays in language development for the .NET Platform. Stress the fact that the existing model provides no consistency in the availability of application programming interfaces (APIs). The choice of programming model also becomes the choice of language. For example, if you are a Microsoft Visual Basic® developer, you are limited by the functionality that Visual Basic provides for the platform, or if you are a C++ programmer, your existing skills do not transfer to Active Server Pages (ASP) development. Benefits of the .NET Framework Review the important design goals of the .NET Platform and how each of these goals helps developers create Web-based distributed applications. The .NET Framework Components Briefly describe each of the .NET Framework components. The ADO.NET: Data and XML topic does not provide a lot of detail because these topics are not the focus of the course. Languages in the .NET Framework Mention that C# is the premier language of the .NET Platform, and that it is best suited to take advantage of the .NET Framework. Explain that both Visual Basic and Microsoft Visual C++ ® have been upgraded to support the .NET Platform. Explain that Microsoft Visual J#™ .NET has been developed for Java-language developers who want to build applications and services on the .NET Framework. Third parties are also developing languages to support .NET.
Introduction to the .NET Platform
Overview of the .NET Framework
Benefits of the .NET Framework
The .NET Framework Components
Languages in the .NET Framework
The Microsoft® .NET Platform provides all of the tools and technologies that you need to build distributed Web applications. It exposes a language- independent, consistent programming model across all tiers of an application while providing seamless interoperability with, and easy migration from, existing technologies. The .NET Platform fully supports the Internet’s platform- neutral, standards-based technologies, including Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), Extensible Markup Language (XML), and SOAP.
C# is a new language specifically designed for building .NET applications. As a developer, you will find it useful to understand the rationale and features that provide the foundation for the .NET Platform before you start writing C# code.
After completing this module, you will be able to:
Describe the .NET Platform. List the main elements of the .NET Platform. Describe the .NET Framework and its components. Explain the language support in the .NET Framework.
Topic Objective To provide an overview of the module topics and objectives. Lead-in In this module, you will be introduced to the .NET Platform. You will then learn about the .NET Framework and the language support that the .NET Framework provides for the platform.
Core .NET My Services include:
.NET Passport authentication The ability to send alerts and manage preferences for receiving alerts The storage of personal information (including contacts, e-mail, calendar, profile, lists, electronic wallet, and physical location) The ability to maintain document stores, save application settings, record favorite Web sites, and note devices owned.
The .NET Enterprise Servers provide scalability, reliability, management, integration within and across organizations, and many other features, as described in the following table.
Server Description
Microsoft SQL Server™^ Includes rich XML functionality, support for Worldwide Web Consortium (W3C) standards, the ability to manipulate XML data by using Transact SQL (T-SQL), flexible and powerful Web-based analysis, and secure access to your data over the Web by using HTTP.
Microsoft BizTalk™^ Server Provides enterprise application integration (EAI), business-to-business integration, and the advanced BizTalk Orchestration technology to build dynamic business processes that span applications, platforms, and organizations over the Internet.
Microsoft Host Integration Server
Provides the best way to embrace Internet, intranet, and client/server technologies while preserving investments in existing earlier systems.
Microsoft Exchange Enterprise Server
Builds on the powerful Exchange messaging and collaboration technology by introducing several important new features and further increasing the reliability, scalability, and performance of its core architecture. Other features enhance the integration of Exchange with Microsoft Windows ®, Microsoft Office, and the Internet.
Microsoft Application Center Provides a deployment and management tool for high-availability Web applications.
Microsoft Internet Security and Acceleration Server
Provides secure, fast, and manageable Internet connectivity. Internet Security and Acceleration Server integrates an extensible, multilayer enterprise firewall and a scalable high-performance Web cache. It builds on Windows security and directory for policy-based security, acceleration, and management of internetworking.
Microsoft Commerce Server Provides an application framework, sophisticated feedback mechanisms, and analytical capabilities.
Microsoft SharePoint™^ Portal Server
Provides the ability to create corporate Web portals with document management, content searching, and team collaboration features.
Microsoft Mobile Information Server
Integrates with the Microsoft .NET Enterprise Servers and Microsoft Windows ® to provide secure communications and data exchange with mobile devices. High reliability, scalability, and performance are achieved by using clustering, replication, load balancing, and content delivery.
Microsoft Content Management Server
Offers complete feature sets for content contribution and delivery, site development, and enterprise site management to enable businesses to effectively create, deploy, and manage Internet, intranet, and extranet Web sites.
Visual Studio .NET provides a development environment for building applications on the .NET Framework. It provides important enabling technologies to simplify the creation, deployment, and ongoing evolution of secure, scalable, highly available Web applications and XML Web services.
The .NET Framework class library exposes features of the runtime and provides other services that every developer needs. The classes simplify development of .NET-based applications. Developers can extend them by creating their own libraries of classes.
ADO.NET is the next generation of Microsoft ActiveX ® Data Objects (ADO) technology. ADO.NET provides improved support for the disconnected programming model. It also provides rich XML support.
Microsoft ASP.NET is a programming framework that is built on the common language runtime. ASP.NET can be used on a server to build powerful Web applications. ASP.NET Web Forms provide an easy and powerful way to build dynamic Web user interfaces (UI).
XML Web services are programmable Web components that can be shared among applications on the Internet or the intranet. The .NET Framework provides tools and classes for building, testing, and distributing XML Web services.
The .NET Framework supports three types of user interfaces:
Web Forms, which work through ASP.NET
Windows Forms, which run on Win32 client computers
Console Applications, which, for simplicity, are used for most of the labs in this course
Any language that conforms to the common language specification (CLS) can run on the common language runtime. In the .NET Framework, Microsoft provides Visual Basic, Visual C++, Microsoft Visual C#™^ , Visual J#, and Microsoft JScript® support. Third parties can provide additional languages.
Based on Web standards and practices
Designed using unified application models
Easy for developers to use
Extensible classes
Windows APIWindows API
Visual Basic FormsVisual Basic Forms MFC/ATLMFC/ATL ASPASP
.NET Framework.NET Framework
In this section, you will learn about some of the benefits of the .NET Framework. The NET Framework was designed to meet the following goals:
Based on Web standards and practices The .NET Framework fully supports the existing Internet technologies, including Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), XML, SOAP, Extensible Stylesheet Language for Transformations (XSLT), XML Path Language (XPath), and other Web standards. The .NET Framework favors loosely connected, stateless XML Web services. Designed using unified application models The functionality of a .NET class is available from any .NET-compatible language or programming model. Easy for developers to use In the .NET Framework, code is organized into hierarchical namespaces and classes. The .NET Framework provides a common type system, referred to as the unified type system, which is used by any .NET-compatible language. In the unified type system, all languages elements are objects. There are no variant types, there is only one string type, and all string data is Unicode. The unified type system is described in more detail in later modules. Extensible classes The hierarchy of the .NET Framework is not hidden from the developer. You can access and extend .NET classes (unless they are sealed) through inheritance. You can also implement cross-language inheritance.
Topic Objective To explain how the framework design goals make it easy to build applications. Lead-in Before you learn about the various .NET Framework components, it is helpful to understand the design goals of the .NET Framework. This will help you to see how the .NET Framework simplifies software development.
Delivery Tip Mention that the .NET Framework classes that are sealed cannot be extended.
Base Class Library SupportBase Class Library Support
Thread SupportThread Support COM MarshalerCOMMarshaler
Type CheckerType Checker^ Exception ManagerException Manager
MSIL to NativeMSIL to Native CompilersCompilers
CodeCode ManagerManager
GarbageGarbage CollectorCollector
Security EngineSecurity Engine Debug EngineDebug Engine
Class LoaderClass Loader
The common language runtime simplifies application development, provides a robust and secure execution environment, supports multiple languages, and simplifies application deployment and management. The environment is also referred to as a managed environment , one in which common services, such as garbage collection and security, are automatically provided. The common language runtime features are described in the following table.
Component Description
Class loader Manages metadata, in addition to the loading and layout of classes.
Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) to native compiler
Converts MSIL to native code (Just-in-time).
Code manager Manages code execution.
Garbage collector (GC) Provides automatic lifetime management of all of your objects. This is a multiprocessor, scalable garbage collector.
Security engine Provides evidence-based security, based on the origin of the code in addition to the user.
Debug engine Allows you to debug your application and trace the execution of code.
Type checker Will not allow unsafe casts or uninitialized variables. MSIL can be verified to guarantee type safety.
Exception manager Provides structured exception handling, which is integrated with Windows Structured Exception Handling (SEH). Error reporting has been improved.
Thread support Provides classes and interfaces that enable multithreaded programming.
COM marshaler Provides marshaling to and from COM.
Base Class Library (BCL) support Integrates code with the runtime that supports the BCL.
Topic Objective To highlight some of the important components in the common language runtime. Lead-in This topic will give you an overview of the components of the common language runtime. You will be introduced to each component. As a C# programmer, you will never see these discrete pieces, but discussing them gives you a better understanding of the richness of the runtime.
System.GlobalizationSystem.Globalization
System.DiagnosticsSystem.Diagnostics
System.ConfigurationSystem.Configuration
System.IOSystem.IO System.CollectionsSystem.Collections
System.ReflectionSystem.Reflection
System.NetSystem.Net
SystemSystem
System.ThreadingSystem.Threading
System.TextSystem.Text
System.SecuritySystem.Security System.Runtime.System.Runtime. InteropServicesInteropServices
The .NET Framework class library exposes features of the runtime and provides other high-level services that every programmer needs by means of namespaces.
The System namespace contains fundamental classes and base classes that define commonly-used value and reference data types, events and event handlers, interfaces, attributes, and processing exceptions. Other classes provide services supporting data type conversion, method parameter manipulation, mathematics, remote and local program invocation, application environment management, and supervision of managed and unmanaged applications.
The System.Collections namespace provides sorted lists, hash tables, and other ways to group data. The System.IO namespace provides file input /output (I/O), streams, and so on. The System.Net namespace provides Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and sockets support.
For more information about namespaces, see the .NET Framework SDK documentation.
Topic Objective To provide an overview of the .NET Framework Class Library and the most common namespace: System. Lead-in In this topic, you will learn how the class library exposes features of the runtime and provides other high-level services.
System.WebSystem.Web
ConfigurationConfiguration SessionStateSessionState
CachingCaching SecuritySecurity
ServicesServices DescriptionDescription DiscoveryDiscovery ProtocolsProtocols
UIUI HtmlControlsHtmlControls WebControlsWebControls
ASP.NET is a programming framework built on the common language runtime that can be used on a server to build powerful Web applications. ASP.NET Web Forms provide an easy and powerful way to build dynamic Web user interfaces (UIs). ASP.NET XML Web services provide the building blocks for constructing distributed Web-based applications. XML Web services are based on open Internet standards, such as HTTP and XML.
The common language runtime provides built-in support for creating and exposing XML Web services by using a programming abstraction that is consistent and familiar to both Active Server Pages (ASP) Web Forms and Visual Basic developers. The resulting model is both scalable and extensible. This model is based on open Internet standards (HTTP, XML, SOAP, SDL) so that it can be accessed and interpreted by any client computer or Internet- enabled device.
In the System.Web namespace, there are lower-level services such as caching, security, configuration, and others that are shared between XML Web services and Web user interface (UI).
The System.Web namespace supplies classes and interfaces that enable communication between browsers and servers.
The System.Web.UI namespace provides classes and interfaces that allow you to create controls and pages that will appear in your Web applications as the user interface on a Web page.
Topic Objective To explain Web Forms and XML Web services. Lead-in The Internet is quickly evolving from today’s Web sites that just deliver UI pages to browsers to a next generation of programmable Web sites that link organizations, applications, services, and devices directly.
System.DrawingSystem.Drawing
System.Windows.FormsSystem.Windows.Forms
You can use the System.Windows.Forms namespace classes to build the client UI. This class lets you implement the standard Windows UI in your .NET-based applications. Many functions that were previously only accessible by means of application programming interface (API) calls are now available as part of the forms themselves, making development much easier and more powerful.
The System.Drawing namespace provides access to GDI+ basic graphics functionality. More advanced functionality is provided in the System.Drawing.Drawing2D , System.Drawing.Imaging , and System.Drawing.Text namespaces.
Topic Objective To explain how the .NET Framework handles the UI for traditional Windows applications. Lead-in In this section, you will learn how the .NET Framework handles the UI. The System.Windows.Forms class provides the client- side UI, and System.Drawing provides the next generation of GDI services.
( continued )
Language Description
Visual J# .NET Visual J# .NET is a development tool for Java-language developers who want to build applications and services on the .NET Framework. Visual J# .NET is fully .NET-aware and includes tools to automatically upgrade and convert existing Visual J++ 6.0 projects and solutions to the new Visual Studio .NET format. Visual J# .NET is part of the Java User Migration Path to Microsoft .NET (JUMP to .NET) strategy.
Third-party languages Several third-party languages are supporting the .NET Platform. These languages include APL, COBOL, Pascal, Eiffel, Haskell, ML, Oberon, Perl, Python, Scheme, and Smalltalk.
Introduction to the .NET Platform
Overview of the .NET Framework
Benefits of the .NET Framework
The .NET Framework Components
Languages in the .NET Framework
Topic Objective To reinforce module objectives by reviewing key points. Lead-in The review questions cover some of the key concepts taught in the module.
