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25 Questions with answers on docsity-c-a-l-t-
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- What is the definition of 'phonology'?
Phonology is the study of the smallest units of sound in a language. It refers to the sounds of letters; for example, the word 'cat' has three phonemes: (c), (a), and (t).
- Explain the difference between receptive and expressive language disorders.
A receptive language disorder is the inability to understand or comprehend language that is heard or read. An expressive language disorder is the inability to put thoughts into words or sentences in ways that make sense and are grammatically correct.
- Define and provide an example of a homophone.
Homophones are words that have different meanings and spellings but share the same pronunciation. Examples include 'for' and 'four', or 'to', 'two', and 'too'.
- What is the alphabetic principle, and why is it important for reading development?
The alphabetic principle is the understanding that letters and letter clusters are used to represent phonemes (speech sounds) in an orthography (writing system). It's crucial for reading development because it allows readers to decode written words by connecting letters to their corresponding sounds, enabling them to sound out and recognize words.
- Describe the difference between analytic and synthetic phonics instruction.
Analytic phonics instruction starts with the whole word and breaks it down into its parts (whole-to-part). Students hear the whole word and segment it into phonemes to spell. Synthetic phonics instruction starts with individual letter sounds that are blended together to form a word (part-to-whole).
- Explain the Fernald Method and its key components.
The Fernald Method is a technique for learning words that involves visual, auditory, kinesthetic, and tactile (VAKT) modalities. The student looks at the word while saying and tracing it. This multisensory approach helps students learn and remember words by engaging multiple senses.
- Define 'pragmatics' in the context of language and provide an example of a pragmatic language difficulty.
Pragmatics refers to the understanding of the speaker's intent, including requests and tones. A pragmatic language difficulty involves being incapable of understanding the speaker's intent. For example, if someone says, 'Can't you turn down the T.V.?', a person with pragmatic difficulties might not understand that this is a request to lower the volume.
- What is the significance of Latin and Anglo-Saxon in the development of the English language?
Anglo-Saxon was the dominant language in Britain from the 5th and 6th centuries until the Norman Conquest in 1066, forming the foundation of English vocabulary and grammar. Latin, the language of the ancient Romans, contributed approximately 60% of English words, particularly in areas like science, law, and medicine. English is a polyglot language, derived from Anglo Saxon, Latin and Greek languages.
- Explain the difference between 'encoding' and 'decoding' in the context of reading and writing.
Decoding refers to reading, the process of translating written symbols into spoken language. Encoding refers to spelling, the process of translating spoken language into written symbols.
- Describe the concept of 'Arbitrary Learning' and how it might impact a student's ability to learn new information.
Arbitrary learning refers to new learning that has no logical connection to already acquired knowledge or practical relationships. This can make it more difficult for students to retain the information because they lack a framework to connect it to existing knowledge. It requires rote memorization without meaningful context, which can be challenging for many learners.
- What is a vowel?
A vowel is an open, voiced sound.
- Define a consonant.
A consonant is a blocked or partially blocked sound that is either voiced or unvoiced.
- What is the simplest form of an English word called?
The simplest form of an English word is called the base word.
- Explain what an affix is and provide an example.
An affix is a letter or group of letters added to the beginning or end of a base word to change its meaning or its use in the sentence. For example, 'un-' in 'unhappy' or '-ing' in 'walking'.
The 'Onset' is the initial written or spoken single consonant or consonant cluster in a word. For example, in the word 'cat', the onset is 'c'. In the word 'strap', the onset is 'str'.
- Explain the concept of 'Phoneme Deletion' and provide an example demonstrating how it works.
'Phoneme Deletion' is a phonemic awareness task where a student is presented with a word and asked to say the word without a specific sound. For example, if the word is 'cat' and the student is asked to delete the /c/ sound, they should say 'at'.
- Describe 'Prosody' in the context of reading and explain why it is important for comprehension.
'Prosody' refers to the musical quality of language, encompassing elements like intonation, expression, stress, pitch, juncture, and rhythm. It's essentially reading with expression. Prosody is crucial for comprehension because it helps convey the emotional tone, emphasis, and overall meaning of the text. Without prosody, reading can sound monotone and lack the nuances that aid in understanding the author's intent and the characters' feelings.
- Explain the concept of a 'Schwa' sound. What are its characteristics, and how is it represented in writing?
A 'Schwa' is a vowel sound in many lightly produced, unaccented syllables in words of more than one syllable. It is often signified by 'uh' and represented by an upside-down 'e' (ə) in phonetic transcription. The key characteristic of a schwa is its reduced articulation; it's a very short, unstressed vowel sound. Importantly, any vowel (a, e, i, o, u) can represent the schwa sound in a word.
25 Questions on docsity-c-a-l-t-exam-study-
guide-definitions-and-explanations-of-
linguistic-terms-2pdf
What is the definition of 'phonology'?
Explain the difference between receptive and expressive language disorders.
Define and provide an example of a homophone.
What is the alphabetic principle, and why is it important for reading development?
Describe the difference between analytic and synthetic phonics instruction.
Explain the Fernald Method and its key components.
Define 'pragmatics' in the context of language and provide an example of a pragmatic language difficulty.
What is the significance of Latin and Anglo-Saxon in the development of the English language?
Explain the difference between 'encoding' and 'decoding' in the context of reading and writing.
Describe the concept of 'Arbitrary Learning' and how it might impact a student's ability to learn new information.
What is a vowel?
Define a consonant.
What is the simplest form of an English word called?
Explain what an affix is and provide an example.
Define auditory memory and explain its importance in reading.
What is a digraph? Give an example.
Explain the difference between a trigraph and a quadrigraph, providing an example of each.
Define dyslexia and describe its core characteristics.
Describe the function of the orthographic processor in reading.
Explain the concept of 'double deficit' in the context of reading difficulties and how it differs from a single deficit.
