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1. What is the primary neurotransmitter deficiency associated with Parkinson's Disease?
Parkinson's Disease is primarily caused by a deficiency of dopamine in the brain. This deficiency results from the loss of dopamine-producing cells in the substantia nigra, a region of the brain responsible for motor control. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in regulating movement, and its depletion leads to the characteristic motor symptoms of Parkinson's.
2. List four cardinal motor symptoms of Parkinson's Disease.
The four cardinal motor symptoms of Parkinson's Disease are tremor, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia/akinesia (slowness or absence of movement), and postural instability.
3. Describe the 'pill-rolling' tremor associated with Parkinson's Disease.
The 'pill-rolling' tremor is a specific type of tremor often seen in Parkinson's Disease. It is characterized by a rhythmic, involuntary movement of the thumb and forefinger, resembling the action of rolling a pill between the fingers. This tremor typically occurs when the limb is at rest and diminishes during voluntary movement.
4. Explain the 'protein effect' in relation to levodopa and how patients can manage it.
The 'protein effect' refers to the interaction between dietary protein and levodopa, a common medication for Parkinson's Disease. Ingesting levodopa with protein can decrease the absorption of the medication in the small intestine, reducing its effectiveness. To manage this, patients are often advised to consume most of their protein later in the day, when optimal motor control is not as essential. Taking levodopa an hour before meals can also help improve absorption.
5. What are some non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's Disease, and why are they important to recognize?
Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's Disease include depression, anxiety, apathy, psychosis (hallucinations and delusions), impulse control disorders, constipation, overactive bladder, sexual dysfunction, excessive salivation, excessive sweating, pain, sleep disturbances (REM sleep behavior disorder), fatigue, and neurogenic orthostatic hypotension. Recognizing
these symptoms is crucial because they can significantly impact a patient's quality of life and may precede the onset of motor symptoms. Addressing these non-motor symptoms is an important part of comprehensive Parkinson's Disease management.
6. Describe the purpose and mechanism of action of Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) in treating Parkinson's Disease.
Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is a surgical treatment option for Parkinson's Disease aimed at alleviating tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia. The procedure involves implanting electrodes in specific areas of the brain, such as the globus pallidus or subthalamic nucleus. These electrodes deliver electrical impulses that help regulate abnormal brain activity associated with Parkinson's, thereby improving motor control. While DBS does not cure Parkinson's, it can significantly reduce symptoms and improve quality of life for suitable candidates.
7. What dietary recommendations are typically given to Parkinson's patients, and why?
Parkinson's patients are often advised to follow a diet rich in fiber (fruits, vegetables, whole grains) to combat constipation. The Mediterranean and MIND diets are often recommended. These diets emphasize plant-based foods, lean proteins, and healthy fats. Patients are also encouraged to take probiotics, Vitamin D, Vitamin B12, and antioxidants. These dietary recommendations aim to manage symptoms like constipation and gastroparesis, ensure adequate nutrient intake, and potentially slow disease progression.
8. Explain the importance of administering Parkinson's medications on time and the potential consequences of not doing so.
Administering Parkinson's medications on time is crucial for maintaining consistent dopamine levels in the brain and controlling motor symptoms. If medications are not taken on time, patients may experience motor fluctuations, such as 'wearing off' (return of symptoms before the next dose) or 'morning off' (symptoms present upon waking). These fluctuations can lead to increased risk of falls, aspiration, emotional distress, and a general decline in quality of life. Therefore, strict adherence to the medication schedule is essential for effective symptom management.
9. Describe the role of a Physical Therapist (PT) in the treatment of Parkinson's Disease.
A Physical Therapist (PT) plays a vital role in the treatment of Parkinson's Disease by working to restore and maintain function. Their interventions include developing exercise regimens, providing balance training and posture exercises, teaching stretching and strengthening exercises, improving conditioning and endurance, assessing footwear, implementing strategies for fall prevention, instructing on safe falling techniques, teaching techniques to lessen freezing of gait, providing walking aid training (walker, wheelchair, lift belt), treating joint, back, neck, or muscle
12 Questions on nur-113-parkinsons-disease-
iggy-cc-updated-2025-autosavedpdf
What is the primary neurotransmitter deficiency associated with Parkinson's Disease?
List four cardinal motor symptoms of Parkinson's Disease.
Describe the 'pill-rolling' tremor associated with Parkinson's Disease.
Explain the 'protein effect' in relation to levodopa and how patients can manage it.
What are some non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's Disease, and why are they important to recognize?
Describe the purpose and mechanism of action of Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) in treating Parkinson's Disease.
What dietary recommendations are typically given to Parkinson's patients, and why?
Explain the importance of administering Parkinson's medications on time and the potential consequences of not doing so.
Describe the role of a Physical Therapist (PT) in the treatment of Parkinson's Disease.
A patient with Parkinson's Disease is experiencing hallucinations. Which medication is specifically indicated for treating Parkinson's disease-related hallucinations and delusions?
What are three potential safety concerns for a patient with Parkinson's Disease?
Describe the role of an Occupational Therapist (OT) in the treatment of a patient with Parkinson's Disease. Provide at least three specific examples of interventions they might use.
