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Quick Punctuation Rule, Study Guides, Projects, Research of English Language

English and Grammar Study Guide

Typology: Study Guides, Projects, Research

2018/2019

Uploaded on 08/17/2019

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Quick Punctuation Rule Guide and Reading Comprehension Exercise
Punctuation Rules are listed below followed by an example.
Periods
Use at the end of a complete sentence. Ex. I am not working today.
Use after an abbreviation.
Dr. Smith is my boss.
Question Marks
Use at the end of a sentence that asks a question.
Will I get paid today?
Exclamation Marks
Use at the end of a sentence or group of words, a phrase, that expresses a strong feeling.
Come here immediately!
Apostrophes
Use to show that letters have been left out of a contraction.
you’re it’s let’s o’clock ma’am class of ‘07
Use to show possession.
Add an apostrophe and an “s” to a singular noun
Sally’s car is red.
Sally’s and Paul’s cars are red.
The council president’s address was a bore.
Add an apostrophe and an “s” to a plural noun that does not end in “s.”
The men’s club meets today.
Add only an apostrophe to a plural noun ending in “s.”
The lawyers’ cars are in the county parking lot.
Use to make a number or letter plural or words named as words. Note that the number, letter or word is italicized,
but not the “ ‘s.”
I got all Bs on my report card.
This sentence has too many and’s.
Quotation Marks
1
pf3
pf4
pf5

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Quick Punctuation Rule Guide and Reading Comprehension Exercise

Punctuation Rules are listed below followed by an example.

Periods

  • Use at the end of a complete sentence_. Ex._ I am not working today.
  • Use after an abbreviation.
    • Dr. Smith is my boss.

Question Marks

  • Use at the end of a sentence that asks a question.
    • Will I get paid today?

Exclamation Marks

  • Use at the end of a sentence or group of words, a phrase, that expresses a strong feeling.
    • Come here immediately!

Apostrophes

  • Use to show that letters have been left out of a contraction.
    • you’re it’s let’s o’clock ma’am class of ‘
  • Use to show possession.
    • Add an apostrophe and an “s” to a singular noun
      • Sally’s car is red.
      • Sally’s and Paul’s cars are red.
      • The council president’s address was a bore.
    • Add an apostrophe and an “s” to a plural noun that does not end in “s.”
      • The men’s club meets today.
    • Add only an apostrophe to a plural noun ending in “s.”
      • The lawyers’ cars are in the county parking lot.
  • Use to make a number or letter plural or words named as words. Note that the number, letter or word is italicized, but not the “ ‘s.” - I got all B ’s on my report card. - This sentence has too many and ’s. Quotation Marks
  • Use to enclose a speaker’s words.
    • Ryan yelled, “Look out!”
    • “Yes,” she said, “the baby is sleeping.”
  • Use to enclose a title of a short or minor work, song, newspaper article, magazine or journal article, essay, short poem, short story, titles of sections from longer works, an article in a periodical, or an episode of a program.
  • Calvin sang “Be Happy” to us.
  • Use to enclose titles of works that are part of other works. Titles of major works, books, plays, periodicals, movies, works of art, are italicized or underlined when they contain smaller sections.
  • The King Day speaker quoted from a selection entitled “Freedom” from the book, Future Goals.
  • Use to enclose a single line from a poem, song, or verse that is part of a sentence.
  • Sam remembered his childhood as an idyllic time: “... happy as the grass was green.”
  • Use to enclose a word that is being defined or used in a special sense.
  • By “charity,” I mean to love one’s neighbor as oneself.
  • On movie sets, movable “wild walls” make that one-walled room seem like four walls.

Semicolons

  • Use to connect independent clauses with or without transitional words. An independent clause has a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought. Transitional words that come after the semicolon are followed by a comma. - I’d like to try skiing; it looks like fun! - Let me help you; otherwise, it will take too long to finish.

Some of the transitional works in this category include: of course that is therefore otherwise however moreover nevertheless furthermore

  • Use to reduce confusion in sentences where many commas are used.
    • I went to Columbus, Ohio; Chicago, Illinois; Lincoln, Nebraska; and Red River, Texas.

Colons

  • Use to separate a series of items from an independent clause. The independent clause must express a complete thought. ■ The shoes came in four colors: red, yellow, green, and black.
  • Use to separate the hours from the minutes. ■ 2:43 p.m.
  • Use to separate titles and subtitles. ■ Charles Dickens: An Introduction to His Novels
  • Use to separate parts of Biblical citations. ■ Isaiah 28:1-
  • Use after the greeting in a formal letter. ■ Dear Mr. Jones: Commas
  • Use to separate items in a list of three or more items. Make sure a comma is used after the word before the connecting word in the list. The comma before “and” is a style item and would depend on the style guide for the institution. ■ She worked on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, and Friday.
  • Used to separate two or more adjectives that modify the same noun or pronoun. ■ The dirty, dusty, dented car was an eyesore.
  • T he S ound and the F ury
  • For the word “I” or the interjection “O” (the word “Oh” is only capitalized when it begins a sentence.)
  • W hen will I get to go to school?
  • H e who thinks himself wise, O heavens, what a fool!
  • For the name of a specific person, place, or thing.
  • J ane L ee B oulder D am L eaning T ower of P isa
  • For the days of the week, months of the year, and holidays.
  • M onday M arch M emorial D ay
  • For historical periods, events, documents, movements, government offices or departments, and institutions.
  • W orld W ar II G reat D epression M iddle A ges
  • P ostal S ervice
  • For organizations and associations.
  • S ierra Club C hicago S ymphony O rchestra
  • For races, nationalities, and languages (not “blacks” or “whites”)
  • G ermans A frican- A merican
  • For religions and religious terms for sacred things. ■ C hristianity C atholicism G od B ible ■ B udda
  • For trade names. ■ A pple C hevrolet
  • For titles when they precede proper names. ■ P rofessor S mith
  • For compass directions only when they refer to a specific geographical area. ■ Students from the S outh have trouble adjusting to the winter in Joliet.

Reading Comprehension

Read the following paragraph and answer the questions below:

The trip into the city took longer than usual for Gary and Jane because they missed their exit twice. Finally, after two hours and many detours, they reached their destination. After they had waited outside for an hour, the doors were opened and they went inside to begin their stroll through the rooms. As Jane paused to look closely, she said, “I’ve never seen paintings displayed in only natural light before.”

After they had seen the entire exhibit, Gary and Jane went to the restaurant on the top floor. They had to catch their breath for a moment before they took their seats by the windows.

When they had finished their meal, Gary remarked, “I hope we get home before it gets dark. I’m not sure the headlights are working.”

“Don’t worry,” said, Jane as she put on her mittens and coat, “I had them checked last week when I had the windshield wipers fixed.”

  1. Gary and Jane went to the city by:

1.a. car

1.b.train

1.c. plane

  1. Their destination was:

1.d.a movie theater

1.e. a museum

1.f. an aquarium

  1. The building had:

1.g.no windows

1.h.florescent lights

1.i. many large windows

  1. How did they reach the restaurant?

1.j. by elevator

1.k.by the stairs

1.l. by the escalator

  1. What meal did they have at the restaurant?

1.m. breakfast

1.n.lunch

1.o.dinner

  1. What season was it?

1.p.fall

1.q.spring

1.r. winter

  1. Between what two sentences should the following sentences be inserted?

They ran to get in line before the doors opened.

Answers: 1.a 2.b 3.c 4. b 5. c 6. c

  1. Insert the sentence between the one that begins with “Finally after two hours…” and “After they had waited.”