Quimica organica generalidades, Cheat Sheet of Organic Chemistry

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QUÍMICA ORGÁNICA II

Leonardo Castellanos H

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Orgánica I

 Alcanos

 Alquenos

 Alquinos

 Aromáticos

 Esteroquímica (enantiómeros, diasteroisómeros)

Sustituciones nucleofílicas y electrofílicas, adiciones, eliminaciones

Espectroscopía IR, y desplazamientos en RMN

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H y

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C

Tarea RMN H y C IR Capítulos 12 y 13 Mc Murry 2

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TIPOS DE REACCIÓN EN

QUÍMICA ORGÁNICA

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Mecanismo de reacción

Nucleófilos

Electrófilos

1. Conceptos

A detailed description of the process leading from the reactants to the products of a reaction, including a characterization as complete as possible of the composition, structure, energy and other properties of reaction intermediates, products and transition states. An acceptable mechanism of a specified reaction (and there may be a number of such alternative mechanisms not excluded by the evidence) must be consistent with the reaction stoichiometry, the rate law and with all other available experimental data, such as the stereochemical course of the reaction. Inferences concerning the electronic motions which dynamically interconvert successive species along the reaction path (as represented by curved arrows, for example) are often included in the description of a mechanism. It should be noted that for many reactions all this information is not available and the suggested mechanism is based on incomplete experimental data. It is not appropriate to use the term mechanism to describe a statement of the probable sequence in a set of stepwise reactions. That should be referred to as a reaction sequence, and not a mechanism. Gold BOOK IUPAC

Mechanism of a reaction

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Electrophile (electrophilic) An electrophile (or electrophilic reagent) is a reagent that forms a bond to its reaction partner (the nucleophile ) by accepting both bonding electrons from that reaction partner. An 'electrophilic substitution reaction ' is a heterolytic reaction in which the reagent supplying the entering group acts as an electrophile. For example: Electrophilic reagents are Lewis acids. 'Electrophilic catalysis' is catalysis by Lewis acids. The term 'electrophilic' is also used to designate the apparent polar character of certain radicals as inferred from their higher relative reactivities with reaction sites of higher electron density. Electrófilos y sustitución electrofílica 10

Electrofilos y nucleófilos comunes

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Las “flechas” significan movimiento de electrones 13

Las “flechas” significan movimiento de electrones Se mueven dos electrones Se mueven un solo electron Ruptura homolítica Ruptura heterolítica 14

3. Estabilidad de intermediarios

Estabilidad de carbocationes

Haga las estructuras de resonancia April 1986 17

Explique y complete

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Estabilidad de carbaniones

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