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ADR (or ADE)
Adverse drug reaction (or event). Defined by WHO as any
noxious, unintended, and undesired effect that occurs at
NORMAL drug doses. Can range from annoying to life
threatening.
TERM 2
Who can have an ADR? Who is most
vulnerable?
DEFINITION 2
Anyone can have an ADR, however, the elderly and very
young are more vulnerable.
TERM 3
What increases the risk of an ADR?
DEFINITION 3
Severe illnesses and patients receiving polypharmacy
TERM 4
If ADRs were considered a cause of death,
what place would they take?
DEFINITION 4
Fourth leading cause of death.
TERM 5
What is a side
effect?
DEFINITION 5
Nearly unavoidable secondary drug effect produced at
therapeutic doses.
What is toxicity?
Adverse drug reaction caused by excessive dosing. Has
come to be known as a severe ADR.
TERM 7
For an allergic reaction to occur, what must
have previously happened?
DEFINITION 7
There must have been priorsensitizationto the immune
system
TERM 8
Anaphylaxis
DEFINITION 8
Bronchospasm, laryngeal edema,precipitousdrop in BP
TERM 9
What is the intensity of an allergic reaction to
a drug determined by?
DEFINITION 9
The degree of sensitization of the immune system, not by
drug dosage (largely independent of dosage)
TERM 10
Most severe allergic reactions are caused by
which drug family?
DEFINITION 10
The penicillin drugs
QT interval drugs
ability of some drugs to prolong the QT interval on
electrocardiogram, thereby creating a risk of serious
dysrhythmias.
TERM 17
REMS
DEFINITION 17
Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies is a plan to
minimize drug-inducing harm
TERM 18
3 most common types of fatal medication
errors
DEFINITION 18
OD, wrong drug, wrong route.
TERM 19
3 most common causes of fatal medication
errors
DEFINITION 19
human factors, miscommunication, confusion caused by
similarities in drug names
TERM 20
cyclooxygenase inhibitors
DEFINITION 20
NSAIDs and acetominophen
NSAIDs
nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
TERM 22
3 useful effects of of cyclooxygenase
inhibitors
DEFINITION 22
suppress inflammation, relieve pain, reduce fever
TERM 23
COX
DEFINITION 23
enzyme that converts arachidonic acid into prostanoids and
prostaglandin.
TERM 24
NSAID members
DEFINITION 24
aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, celecoxib
TERM 25
what do 1st generation NSAIDs
do?
DEFINITION 25
inhibit COX-1 and COX-
the QT interval
measure of time required for the ventricles to repolarize after
each contraction
