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The consumer revolution of the early nineteenth century A) encouraged plain and simple living. B) was accompanied by the emulation of aristocratic manners. C) came at a time of economic stagnation and complacency. D) led to the violent rejection of anything that seemed cosmopolitan or luxurious.
E) led to a major depression as Americans went deeply into debt.
Points Earned: 1.0/1. Correct Answer(s): B 2. The ________ was an early nineteenth century development that constituted the combined solution to the problems of locating sufficient capital, transporting raw materials to factories and products to consumers, and supervising large numbers of workers. A) Lowell System B) "industrial revolution" C) "market revolution" D) Household System
E) Waltham System
Points Earned: 1.0/1. Correct Answer(s): C 3. The first American factory was developed by A) Eli Whitney to produce clocks. B) Samuel Slater to spin cotton thread. C) Francis Lowell to weave woolen cloth. D) Robert Fulton to build steamboats.
E) Eli Whitney to manufacture cotton gins.
Points Earned: 1.0/1. Correct Answer(s): B 4.
The merchant who headed the Boston Associates, owners of the innovative Waltham mills, was A) Francis Cabot Lowell. B) Paul Moody. C) Samuel Slater. D) James Hargreaves.
E) Eli Whitney
Points Earned: 1.0/1. Correct Answer(s): A 5. In "Mapping the Past: The Making of the Working Class" your text uses maps to show how the economic growth of the early 19th century led to (the) A) increase in craft-dominated workshops. B) wealthier citizens living in the suburbs. C) shared residences for workers and masters. D) factory workers living in the inner city.
E) physical separation of masters and workers.
Points Earned: 1.0/1. Correct Answer(s): E 6. As the gap between owners and workers increased in the 1840s, American workers A) frequently displayed their burning resentment of the employer class. B) developed a class solidarity similar to that of European workers. C) felt increasingly trapped in the working class. D) failed to become a self-conscious working class.
E) had limited opportunities for economic mobility.
Points Earned: 1.0/1. Correct Answer(s): D 7. Most workers in the earliest textile factories were
extremely neat; with many plants in the window seats, and white cotton curtains to the windows." This person was describing an example of the ________ System. A) Pennsylvania B) Waltham C) Rhode Island D) Auburn
E) Concord
Points Earned: 1.0/1. Correct Answer(s): B 11. The American population more than doubled between 1790 and 1820 primarily because of the A) Louisiana Purchase. B) low deathrate. C) market revolution. D) high birthrate.
E) influx of immigrants.
Points Earned: 1.0/1. Correct Answer(s): D 12. In the 1830s and 1840s most of the thousands of poor and wretched immigrants who flooded into America came from A) Italy and Greece. B) Poland and Russia. C) Ireland and Germany. D) China and Japan.
E) Denmark and the Netherlands.
Points Earned: 1.0/1. Correct Answer(s): C 13. The modern method of organizing large enterprises, the corporation, was
A) absolutely illegal until 1870. B) eagerly embraced by most American businesses. C) the basis of most manufacturing by 1830. D) an idea which had not yet occurred to investors in the 1820s.
E) developing slowly before 1860.
Points Earned: 1.0/1. Correct Answer(s): E 14. In the early 19th century businesses became corporations by obtaining a charter A) through the Interstate Commerce Commission. B) from the office of any lawyer. C) through a special act of a state legislature. D) from the governor in most states.
E) through the Treasury Department.
Points Earned: 1.0/1. Correct Answer(s): C 15. One consequence of American industrialization in the early 19th century was A) an increase in the need for foreign goods and thus in the business of merchants. B) a decline in commercial agriculture and thus in the speed of westward settlement. C) the rapid development of labor unions. D) a decline in the need for foreign goods and thus in the business of merchants.
E) intense conflict between labor and management.
Points Earned: 1.0/1. Correct Answer(s): D 16. According to your text, by far the most important indirect effect of industrialization occurred when the
A) cotton production soared and the southern economy boomed. B) southern production of rice ceased. C) northern merchants experienced severe economic losses. D) cotton was grown in every part of the United States.
E) northern manufacturing was underfunded as investment flowed to the South.
Points Earned: 1.0/1. Correct Answer(s): A 20. For a generation after 1815, the most expansive force in the American economy was A) shipbuilding. B) banking. C) international commerce. D) iron.
E) cotton.
Points Earned: 1.0/1. Correct Answer(s): E 21. The racial beliefs of most white Americans in the last decades of the eighteenth century were characterized by their A) greater respect for white property rights than for the right of personal liberty of black Americans. B) confidence that slaves were docile children who would never revolt. C) growing desire for the ending of slavery by voluntary manumission. D) continuing faith that slavery was a stagnant and declining institution.
E) greater respect for the right of personal liberty of black Americans than for white
property rights.
Points Earned: 1.0/1. Correct Answer(s): A 22. A successful and bloody slave revolt led to the creation in 1804 of the black republic of A) Grenada. B) Cuba. C) Honduras. D) Haiti.
E) Guadeloupe.
Points Earned: 1.0/1. Correct Answer(s): D 23. The Republic of Liberia in western Africa A) was a prime example of black political independence in the 19th century. B) was founded by the American Colonization Society as a place to rid the United States of blacks. C) received approximately a million immigrants from the United States prior to 1850. D) was roundly condemned by most white southern leaders as a "hotbed of rebellion."
E) was founded by free blacks from the United States.
Points Earned: 1.0/1. Correct Answer(s): B 24. "For a long time I have believed that Liberia is the country for me and all those.. .colored.. .in the United States.. .who have not lost all love for liberty and mental elevation... .My doctrine is that our people must emigrate from this land of oppression, if they would better their condition." These statements refer to the activities of the A) Back to Africa Movement. B) Afro-American Friendship League. C) American Colonization Society. D) Black Muslims.
E) American Anti-Slavery Society.
Points Earned: 1.0/1. Correct Answer(s): C 25. The cotton boom in the early 19th century caused a A) prohibition on the importation of slaves from abroad. B) rapid increase in the number of slaves freed by their masters. C) strict enforcement of laws against the interstate slave trade. D) demand for more labor which was met by a renewed growth of slavery.
E) steady increase in support for the colonization movement and in the number of former
slaves colonized in Africa.
Points Earned: 0.0/1. Correct Answer(s): D 26.
Correct Answer(s): C 30. The first modern road in the United States was built in the 1790s to connect Philadelphia and A) Boston, Massachusetts. B) Richmond, Virginia. C) Baltimore, Maryland. D) Charleston, South Carolina.
E) Lancaster, Pennsylvania.
Points Earned: 1.0/1. Correct Answer(s): E 31. In the 1790s and early 1800s private companies built roads called A) byways. B) thoroughfares. C) highways. D) turnpikes.
E) causeways.
Points Earned: 1.0/1. Correct Answer(s): D 32. Most early "internal improvements" were built A) totally by state and local governments. B) by private businesses, without any financial aid from governments. C) by private businesses, with substantial aid from governments. D) totally by the federal government.
E) by state governments, with substantial aid from the federal government.
Points Earned: 0.0/1. Correct Answer(s): C 33. "The inhabitants of the low lands will, therefore, partake of the benefit of every application of the public revenue to the improvement of the connexion [sic] between their market towns and the country above them... .If nature has divided the territory of the Commonwealth by numerous chains of lofty mountains, it is only to incite the genius of man to climb them." This statement A) criticized public support for "internal improvements." B) praised private turnpikes. C) advocated public support for "internal improvements." D) attacked private turnpikes.
E) criticized government interference with free enterprise.
Points Earned: 1.0/1. Correct Answer(s): C 34. In the 19th century, Congress A) built only one major road, the National Road. B) adopted a comprehensive long-range program of road building. C) refused to allocate any funds for road building. D) justified its extensive road-building projects as a military necessity.
E) did not even discuss the possibility of federal funding for roads.
Points Earned: 0.0/1. Correct Answer(s): A 35. American inventor Robert Fulton perfected the first commercially successful A) power loom. B) clipper ship. C) spinning jenny. D) steamboat.
E) cotton gin.
Points Earned: 1.0/1. Correct Answer(s): D 36. A major improvement in the transportation network in the 1820s and 1830s was the construction of A) turnpikes. B) railroads. C) clipper ships. D) flatboats.
E) canals.
Points Earned: 1.0/1. Correct Answer(s): E 37. The greatest advantage which early canals offered was A) a direct link between western areas and the eastern seaboard. B) the low cost of their construction. C) their use of cheap, efficient steam engines as their means of power.
In 1818 the first regularly scheduled passenger and freight service between New York and England was opened by the A) Columbia Line. B) McKay Brothers Company. C) Black Ball Line. D) Great Atlantic Shipping Company.
E) Red Lion Express.
Points Earned: 1.0/1. Correct Answer(s): C 42. The Erie Canal A) was constructed by a group of New York merchants. B) was a financial disaster. C) solidly established New York City's importance in commerce. D) benefited New England through the feeder canals.
E) was mired in a series of shareholder lawsuits for decades.
Points Earned: 1.0/1. Correct Answer(s): C 43. According to the map, "Canals and Roads, 1820-1850," most American canals connected directly with the A) Great Lakes. B) St. Lawrence River. C) Mississippi River. D) Atlantic Ocean.
E) Ohio River Valley.
Points Earned: 1.0/1. Correct Answer(s): A 44. Attempts to build canals in ________ often resulted in financial disaster. A) Piedmont B) the South C) Tidewater D) the West
E) New England
Points Earned: 1.0/1. Correct Answer(s): D
Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall thought that manufacturing and business should be A) sharply regulated by the government. B) free from the ancient doctrine of the "sanctity" of contracts. C) held at arm's length because of the disastrous boom and bust cycles of the early 19th century. D) neither favored nor regulated by the government but simply left to the laws of the marketplace.
E) favored by the government since they promoted order and progress.
Points Earned: 1.0/1. Correct Answer(s): E 46. The Supreme Court's decision in Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) upheld the A) right of a state to take over a private college. B) principle of the sanctity of contracts. C) right of a state to tax federal properties within its boundaries. D) principle of national supremacy over the states.
E) right of colleges to refuse to admit female students.
Points Earned: 1.0/1. Correct Answer(s): B 47. The Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the National Bank of the United States and also strengthened the implied powers of Congress and aided economic growth when it decided the case of A) Gibbons v. Ogden. B) McCulloch v. Maryland. C) Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge. D) Marbury v. Madison.
E) Dartmouth College v. Woodward
Points Earned: 1.0/1. Correct Answer(s): B 48. In Gibbons v. Ogden (1824), the Supreme Court and Justice Marshall A) declared the Judiciary Act of 1789 to be unconstitutional. B) exempted the Bank of the United States from taxation by the states. C) upheld the contract which gave Ogden his monopoly on ferry service. D) defined commerce in a very broad sense.
E) ruled in favor of the good of the whole community over that of a particular company.
Points Earned: 1.0/1.
