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Where did jaws first appear?
placoderms
TERM 2
What is the origin of jaws:
DEFINITION 2
from one of the anterior pairs of gill (branchial) arches
TERM 3
Spiracle:
DEFINITION 3
crowded gill slit
TERM 4
What is the number of gill arches in ancestral
agnathans?
DEFINITION 4
10 pairs of gill arches
TERM 5
Serial
theory:
DEFINITION 5
one arch forms the jaws
Which arch does the serial theory believe
form the jaws?
mandibular arch
TERM 7
The serial theory believes that which arches
are lost?
DEFINITION 7
1. terminal2. premandibular
TERM 8
Integumentary system is composed
of:
DEFINITION 8
the skin and skin derivatives
TERM 9
Examples of skin derivatives:
DEFINITION 9
hair, hooves, nails
TERM 10
There is not a stratum corneum in:
DEFINITION 10
fish
Two types of keratinocytes:
1. alpha=soft2. beta=hard
TERM 17
Where is the epidermis thicker?
DEFINITION 17
areas of friction
TERM 18
What does the epidermis not have?
DEFINITION 18
1. blood supply2. muscles3. bone
TERM 19
Epidermal derivatives:
DEFINITION 19
unicellular mucus glands in the epidermis of fish
TERM 20
In fish, where are club cells and granular cells
housed?
DEFINITION 20
in the epidermis
What origin are fish scales?
dermal derivatives
TERM 22
What covers fish scales?
DEFINITION 22
a thin layer of epidermis
TERM 23
Ostracoderm scales are composed
of:
DEFINITION 23
enameldentinvascular bonelamellar bone
TERM 24
What species has placoid scales?
DEFINITION 24
condrichthyes
TERM 25
Placoid scales does not contain:
DEFINITION 25
dermal bone
Very thick dentin layer is called:
cosmine
TERM 32
Common fat reservoir in mammal
integument:
DEFINITION 32
hypodermis
TERM 33
What is important component in the skin of
an armadillow?
DEFINITION 33
dermal bone
TERM 34
What allows for the tetrapod skin to be water
proof?
DEFINITION 34
Keratinized cells and lipids
TERM 35
Amphibians have moist glandular skin that is
used for:
DEFINITION 35
gas exchange
What is found in the epidermis in
amphibians?
1. mucus glands2. leydig cells3. granular glands
TERM 37
What does granular glands release?
DEFINITION 37
toxins
TERM 38
What is the raised, pigmented callus found on
the limbs or digits of amphibians during
breeding season?
DEFINITION 38
nuptial pads
TERM 39
Which two reptiles do not show squamate
pattern?
DEFINITION 39
1. turtles2. crocodylians
TERM 40
The musk glands in turtles are located near:
DEFINITION 40
bridge connecting the carapace and plastron
anti-pathogen in integument of fish:
mucus
TERM 47
anti-pathogen in integument of amphibs:
DEFINITION 47
leydig cells
TERM 48
Hypodermis is also called
the:
DEFINITION 48
superficial fascia
TERM 49
What makes up the basement lamina?
DEFINITION 49
1. glycoprotein2. collagen3. reticularacellular
TERM 50
hypodermis:
DEFINITION 50
loose connective tissue and adipose; anchors dermis to
muscle
What are the integument components:
1. epidermis2. dermis3. basement lamina4. hypodermis/
superficial fascia
TERM 52
Which two layers make up the
epidermis?
DEFINITION 52
Stratum germinativumstratum corneum
TERM 53
In terrestrial verts, all cells in what layer are
dead?
DEFINITION 53
stratum corneum
TERM 54
Where does new epidermal cells arise from?
DEFINITION 54
stratum basale
TERM 55
How are new epidermal cells formed?
DEFINITION 55
mitosis
Three characteristics of fish of their epidermis
layer:
1. no stratum corneum2. no dead epidermal cells3.
epidermal derivatives
TERM 62
What are the epidermal derivatives?
DEFINITION 62
unicellular mucus glands: club cell and granular cells
TERM 63
What is absent in the epidermis of lampreys?
DEFINITION 63
keratinization
TERM 64
Two types of multicellular glands in tetrapods:
DEFINITION 64
1. sweat glands2. sebaceous glands
TERM 65
Examples of epidermal derivatives:
DEFINITION 65
1. feathers2. claws3. nails4. hooves5. hair-horns6. antlers
An epidermal derivative suspended from the
upper jaw of whales:
baleen plates
TERM 67
Which whale clade has baleen plates:
DEFINITION 67
mysticeti
TERM 68
If scales are dermal in origin then they are
found in:
DEFINITION 68
fish
TERM 69
If scales are epidermal in origin, then they are
found in:
DEFINITION 69
reptiles and mammals
TERM 70
Which type of scales are usually without bony
support in the underlying dermis?
DEFINITION 70
epidermal scales
What are the pigmented cells called?
chromatophores
TERM 77
Where are the chromatophores located?
DEFINITION 77
either in the dermis or between the dermis and the epidermis
TERM 78
Examples of membrane bone/ dermal bone
thats located in the dermis:
DEFINITION 78
1. fish scales2. armadillo3. turtles
TERM 79
A shark scale has no:
DEFINITION 79
bone
TERM 80
A shark scale only has:
DEFINITION 80
enamel and dentin
What makes up the ostracoderm
scale?
two layers of dermal bone (vascular and lamellar bone) and
enamel and dentin covering the layers
TERM 82
Which CT fiber composes most of the dermis?
DEFINITION 82
collagen
TERM 83
Arrangement of collagen "woven" into distinct
layers:
DEFINITION 83
plies
TERM 84
warp=
DEFINITION 84
longitudinal
TERM 85
weft
DEFINITION 85
horizontal
what does the club/ alarm cells produce?
mucus and chemical inducing fear behavior in conspecific
TERM 92
Which gland secretions may be important in
reducing exposure to pathogens?
DEFINITION 92
club cells
TERM 93
Larval trematodes
are:
DEFINITION 93
flukes
TERM 94
Which species contains multicellular slime
glands?
DEFINITION 94
hagfish
TERM 95
Which two glands are multicellular and
secrete mucus?
DEFINITION 95
granular glandsslime glands
All fish scales are what in origin?
dermal in origin
TERM 97
Placoid scales are found in which species?
DEFINITION 97
sharks/ chondrichthyes
TERM 98
What is absent in placoid scales?
DEFINITION 98
dermal bone
TERM 99
What are the placoid scales called the point
at surface?
DEFINITION 99
denticles
TERM 100
Cosmoid scales are present in:
DEFINITION 100
coelacanths
