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MSCM 150
Tuesday March 9
Vivian 8 - Radio
and the Origins of Broadcasting
1
considered a historic or marginal technology, but...television and online media, radio is sometimesWith the emergence of broadcast, cable, satellite
Radio still reaches more than 93% of Americans.
Does radio make me sound
more presidential?
The Forgotten Medium
Tuesday, March 9, 2010
Why Use Radio?
Portable
Immediate
Inexpensive
Personal
Ubiquitous
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Electromagnetic Spectrum
electromagnetic spectrum.electromagnetic waves on the radio portion of theRadio is carried through the atmosphere by
Tuesday, March 9, 2010
Electromagnetic Spectrum
the 20AM (amplitude modulation) emerged at the turn of
th
century, and remained the dominant system
distances, even worldwide.until the 1970s. AM can carry signals over great
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Electromagnetic Spectrum
FM signals are virtually static free.and became the preferred technology in the 1970s.FM (frequency modulation) emerged in the 1940s,
Tuesday, March 9, 2010
The “American System”
supported medium.driven, advertiser-entertainmentprivately controlled,developed as athe United Statesthe world, radio inmost of the rest ofIn contrast with
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The “American System”
notably television.electronic media,structure for laterestablished theradio in the USThe structure of
Tuesday, March 9, 2010
Radio Programming
from a1960, radio evolvedBetween 1945 and
program
medium to a
format
television.dominance ofemergence andresponse to the medium in
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Radio until 1950:
A
Program Medium
A
program
(or
appointment
) medium,
particular time.particular program at ato tune in for arequires the consumer
between programs.audiences may tune outparticular audience, andEach program reaches a
Tuesday, March 9, 2010
Radio since 1950: A
Format Medium
throughout the day.current hits, etc)political opinion, sports,programming (ie,hear the same form ofallows consumers toA format medium
discourage tune out.Format media
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Chain Ownership
become increasingly concentrated.ownership in 1996, the commercial radio industry hasSince the FCC removed national limits on radio
Tuesday, March 9, 2010
Chain Ownership
now held by a private equitystations in the US, and 300 overseas. The company isUntil recently, Clear Channel owned more than 1200
fi
rm.
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Satellite Radio
interruption.without commercialto subscribers across the US,of program streams directlySatellite radio delivers dozens
prosatellite company has provenand promotion, neitherinvestments in infrastructureIn spite of enormous
fi table.
single company.Sirius, recently merged into aThe two providers, XM and
Tuesday, March 9, 2010
HD Radio
existing AM & FM channels.Digital, CD quality sound on
multiplexed sidebands.Additional programming on
but few portable receivers.Available since 2006 in cars,
switchover.No FCC mandate for
to Canada and Mexico.Only in the U.S., but coming
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Public Radio in the U.S.
commercials.by the absence ofPublic radio is distinguished
Broadcasting.Corporation for PublicFinanced in part by the
United States.talk programming in thelargest audience for news orNational Public Radio has the
cultural programs.variety of entertainment andPublic radio also offers a wide
Tuesday, March 9, 2010
