Radiologic Science for Technologists 11th Edition Bushong Test Bank, Exams of Radiology

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Radiologic Science for Technologists 11th Edition

Bushong Test Bank

Chapter 02: The Structure of Matter

Bushong: Radiologic Science for Technologists: Physics, Biology, and Protection, 11th

Edition

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The term “atom” was first used by the. a. (^) Ethiopians b. (^) British c. (^) Greeks d. (^) Romans ANS: C The term “atom” was first used by the Greeks DIF: Moderate REF: p. 27 OBJ: Relate the history of the term “atom.”
2. The first person to describe an element as being composed of identical atoms was . a. (^) J. J. Thomson b. (^) John Dalton c. (^) Dmitri Mendeleev d. (^) Niels Bohr ANS: B The first person to describe an element as being composed of identical atoms was John Dalton. DIF: Moderate REF: p. 27 OBJ: Name the first person to describe an element as being composed of identical atoms.
3. The smallest particle that has all the properties of an element is a(n). a. (^) neutron b. proton c. (^) electron d. (^) atom ANS: D The smallest particle that has all the properties of an element is an atom. DIF: Moderate REF: p. 28 OBJ: Define the atom.
4. The periodic table of the elements was developed by in the late 19th century. a. (^) Bohr b. (^) Rutherford c. (^) Mendeleev d. (^) Roentgen ANS: C The Periodic Table was developed by Mendeleev.

9. An atom in a normal state has an electrical charge of. a. (^) one b. (^) zero c. (^) positive d. (^) negative ANS: B An atom in a normal state has an electrical charge of zero. DIF: Moderate REF: p. 31 OBJ: Describe the electrical charge of an atom in a normal state.
10. The binding energies, or energy levels, of electrons are represented by their. a. (^) atomic numbers b. (^) atomic mass units c. (^) shells d. (^) isotopes ANS: C The binding energies, or energy levels, of electrons are represented by their shells. DIF: Moderate REF: p. 31 OBJ: Describe binding energies or energy levels of electrons.
11. When an atom has the same number of protons as another, but a different number of neutrons, it is called an. a. (^) isomer b. (^) isobar c. (^) isotone d. (^) isotope ANS: D When an atom has the same number of protons as another, but a different number of neutrons, it is called an isotope. DIF: Difficult REF: p. 34 OBJ: Describe an isotope.
12. When atoms of various elements combine, they form. a. (^) isotopes b. (^) compounds c. (^) molecules d. (^) ions ANS: C When atoms of various elements combine, they form molecules. DIF: Moderate REF: p. 36 OBJ: Describe a molecule.
13. An atom that loses or gains one or more electrons is a(n). a. (^) ion b. (^) molecule

c. (^) isotope d. (^) isomer ANS: A An atom that loses or gains one or more electrons is an ion. DIF: Moderate REF: p. 31 OBJ: Define an ion.

14. The maximum number of electrons that can exist in an electron shell is calculated with the formula. a. (^) 2n b. (^) 2n^2 c. (^) 2/n d. (^) 2/n^2 ANS: B The number of electrons in an electron shell is calculated with the formula 2n^2. DIF: Difficult REF: p. 32 OBJ: Identify the formula for the maximum number of electrons that can exist in an electron shell.
15. A neutral atom has the same number of _ and electrons. a. (^) quarks b. (^) neutrinos c. (^) neutrons d. (^) protons ANS: D A neutral atom has the same nuUmbSer oNf prTotons anOd electrons. DIF: Easy REF: p. 34 OBJ: Identify the formula for the maximum number of electrons that can exist in an electron shell.
16. The innermost electron shell is symbolized by the letter. a. (^) J b. (^) K c. (^) L d. (^) M ANS: B The innermost electron shell is symbolized by the letter K. DIF: Moderate REF: p. 32 OBJ: Recognize the symbol for the innermost electron shell.
17. The shell number of an atom is called the. a. (^) alpha particle b. (^) chemical element c. (^) principal quantum number d. (^) half-life number ANS: C The shell number of an atom is called the principal quantum number.

The only difference between x-rays and gamma rays is their origin. a. (^) one type of atom b. (^) one type of molecule c. (^) two types of molecules d. (^) two or more types of atoms ANS: B A chemical compound is any quantity of one type of molecule. DIF: Difficult REF: p. 36 OBJ: Describe a compound.

23. During beta emission, an atom releases. a. (^) electrons b. (^) positrons c. (^) protons d. (^) neutrons ANS: A During beta emission, an atom releases electrons. DIF: Moderate REF: p. 37 OBJ: Describe beta emission.
24. The only difference between x-rays and gamma rays is their. a. (^) energy b. (^) size c. (^) origin d. (^) name ANS: C USNT.O DIF: Moderate REF: p. 42 OBJ: Explain the difference between x-rays and gamma rays.
25. The is the least penetrating form of ionizing radiation. a. beta particle b. (^) x-ray c. (^) gamma ray d. (^) alpha particle ANS: D The alpha particle is the least penetrating form of ionizing radiation. DIF: Moderate REF: p. 41 OBJ: Name the least penetrating form of ionizing radiation.