Download Orthopaedic Terminology: Fractures and Healing and more Quizzes Radiography in PDF only on Docsity!
What is skeletal age and how is it used?
Skeletal age is a measurement of maturity.Skeletal age is used to anticipate long growth, remodeling potential, and treatment options. TERM 2
Fracture fragments are guided back to their
best possible position using what?
DEFINITION 2 open reduction (surgery)closed reduction (manipulation and traction) TERM 3
3 phases of fracture healing
DEFINITION 3 inflammation phase (10% of healing time);reparative phase (40% of healing time);remodeling phase (70% of healing time).Note these phases overlap and total more than 100%. TERM 4
7 elements of fracture description
DEFINITION 4 Site and extent of fracture Complete vs. incomplete Alignment of fragments Direction of fracture line Special features (impaction, avulsion) Associated features (dislocation) Special types of fractures (stress fracture, pathological fracture) TERM 5
Closed fracture (old term: simple fracture)
DEFINITION 5 does not communicate with the external environment.
Open fracture (old term: compound fracture)
the skin has been broken and infection may result. TERM 7
Complete fracture
DEFINITION 7 all cortices of the bone have been disrupted2 complete fragments TERM 8
Comminuted fracture
DEFINITION 8 fracture that has more than 2 fragments TERM 9
Incomplete fracture
DEFINITION 9 has only one portion of the cortex disruptedrelatively stable TERM 10
How to commonly describe the alignment of
fracture fragments
DEFINITION 10 describe the position of the distal fragments in relation to the proximal fragment
Transverse fracture line
result of bending forceoccurs at rt angles to longitudinal axis TERM 17
Longitudinal fracture line
DEFINITION 17 approx parallel to shaft TERM 18
oblique fracture line
DEFINITION 18 diagonally oriented fracturecombined compression, bending and torsion TERM 19
spiral fracture line
DEFINITION 19 spiraled around long axis as a result of torsional force TERM 20
Types of comminuted fractures
DEFINITION 20 butterfly or wedge shaped wedge-shaped fragment split from main segments 2 segment fracturemultiple fragments
Impaction fracture
compression or wedge fracture of a vertebrae TERM 22
avulsion fracture
DEFINITION 22 fragments of bone tear away from main body of bone via active muscle contraction or ligament resistance against force TERM 23
stress fractures
DEFINITION 23 microfractures, fatigue fractures and insufficiency fractures TERM 24
2 ways stress fractures occur
DEFINITION 24 Chronic high frequency, low level loading such as running.Normal loading on abnormal bone as in compression fractures in the elderly. TERM 25
The location of fractures in the long bones of
children are described how?
DEFINITION 25 by the region of developmentDiaphysisMetaphysisEpiphyseal growth plate (physis)Epiphysis
The bones ability to remodel depends on
what?
Skeletal ageFracture displacementDistance of the fracture from the physis TERM 32
Fractures are immobilized to help healing by
what?
DEFINITION 32 External methods: cast, splint, metal rods.Internal fixation: pins, wires, plates, screws.Combination of the above two methods TERM 33
How do fractures heal?
DEFINITION 33 by forming a callus and direct osteoblastic activity (called creeping substitution) TERM 34
Factors that affect healing
time
DEFINITION 34 AgeDegree of traumaFracture site and configurationType of boneDegree of immobilizationPresence of infectionMalignancyAvascular necrosisCorticosteroidsStress around the fracture TERM 35
Complications of fracture include what?
DEFINITION 35 Delayed unionSlow unionNonunionMalunionPseudarthosisAvascular necrosisArterial injury, nerve injury, compartment syndromeComplex regional pain syndrome (CRPS old term RSD)Limb length discrepancy
Life threatning complications of fracture
HemorrhageFat embolism (blockage of an artery due to dislodged fat)Pulmonary embolism (blockage of an artery most often due to dislodged blood clot)Gas gangrene (Clostridium perfringens bacteria)Tetanus (Clostridium tetani bacteria) TERM 37
What is a soft tissue hinge?
DEFINITION 37 the linkage that allows fractures to be reduced to nearly normal alignment TERM 38
Fracture healing on compressed and
surgically fixated bone occurs how?
DEFINITION 38 via direct osteoblastic activity with little or no Periostial reaction or callus formation. TERM 39
Missed fractures are due to what?
DEFINITION 39 Failure to get radiographsFailure to recognize fractures (minimum: 2 views)Occult fractures on film need special imagining TERM 40
fracture management if the injury presents as
a fracture but no fracture is seen on film
DEFINITION 40 if the injury presents as a fracture (MOI, pt symptoms, signs) but no fracture is seen on film, treat the injury as a fracture and retake the films in 2 weeks
