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10-0 mís';
10-1 izLrkouk
10-2 ekbØkslkW¶V ,Dlsy iz;ksx dj lkaf[;dh; fo'ys"k.k
10-2-1 ;ksxQy dh x.kuk 10-2-2 vkSlr dh x.kuk 10-2-3 ekud fopyu dh x.kuk 10-2-4 ^,Dlsy* esa js[kkfp= 10-2-5 lglaca/k ¼ih;lZu½ dh x.kuk 10-2-6 Lora= ^ t * & ijh{k.k dh x.kuk
10-3 lkekftd 'kkL=ksa gsrq lkaf[;dh; iSdst[Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) ] 10-3-1 SPSS esa Qkby dSls cukrs gSa
10-3-2 SPSS dk ( Menu Bar) 10-3-3 SPSS esa Data View, Variable View vkSj Output View 10-3-4 Data Entry vkSj Coding
10-4 lkjka'k
10-5 lanHkZ
10-6 viuh çxfr dh tk¡p dhft, ds mÙkj
10-7 bdkbZ var iz'u
10-8 fØ;kRed vH;kl dk;Z
bl bdkbZ dks i<+us ds ckn vki]
- ekbØksLkkW¶V ,Dlsy dk iz;ksx dj lkaf[;dh; fo'ys"k.k djus dh O;k[;k( vkSj
- lekt’kkL=ksa gsrq lkaf[;dh; iSdst ¼SPSS½ dk o.kZuA
,d 'kks/kdrkZ eqacbZ eas fd'kkjksa esa mudh laosxkRedcqf) (emotional intelligence) rFkk laizkfIr laizsj.kk(achievement motivation)ds chp laca/k dk v/;;u dj jgs FksA mUgksus eqacbZ ls 1000 fd'kksjksa ls vk¡dMs ,d= fd,A bruh fo'kky tkudkjh
dk lkjk lkaf[;dh; fo'ys"k.k gkFk ls dj ikuk cgqr dfBu gksxk D;ksafd ,sls x.kuk djus esa xfYr;ka gks tkus dh cgqr laHkkouk,a jgrh gSaA lkFk gh izkIr ifj.kkeksa dh lR;rk dh tkap djuk Hkh vklku ugha gksrkA ,slh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa SPSS ;k lekt'kkL=ksa gsrq lkaf[;dh; iSdst dk iz;ksx dj lkaf[;dh; fo'ys"k.k cgqr 'kh?kz ,oa LVhd :i ls fd;k tk ldrk gSA
lekt’kkL=ksa gsrq lkaf[;dh; iSdst ¼SPSS½dks 1968 esa ukseZu ,p- usbZ rFkk lh- gSYMSgy us fodflr ,oa izLrqr fd;k Fkk vkSj 2009 esa bls IBM daiuh us vf/kxzfgr dj fy;kA vc bls IBM SPSS dgk tkrk gS ¼ohjkjk?kou ,oa 'ksVxksosdj] 2016½A bl lkW¶Vos;j dk iz;ksx eq[;r% vk¡dMksa ds laiknu vkSj fo'ys"k.k ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA bl lkW¶Vos;j ls vk¡dMksa dk fo'ys"k.k dj ifj.kkeksa ,oa O;k[;kvksa rd igq¡puk feuVksa esa gks tkrk gSA fQj Hkh ;g vko';d gS fd vki lkaf[;dh; rduhdksa dks tkurs gksa vkSj vkidks ;gAku Hkh gks fd dkSu lh rduhd dk dgka iz;ksx djuk pkfg,A lkFk gh vkidks lkW¶Vos;j dk iz;ksx dj vk¡dMs ntZ djuk ¼Data Entry½ fo'ys"k.k vkSj ifj.kkeksa dh O;k[;k djuk Hkh Hkyh izdkj vkuk pkfg,A
bl bdkbZ esa ge SPSS ds ckjs esa i<saxs vkSj blds iz;ksx }kjk fofHkUu lkaf[;rd x.kukksa dh rduhdsa Hkh le>saxsA
lkaf[;dh; fo'ys"k.k dh x.kuk ds fy, ekbØksl‚¶V ,Dlsy dk Hkh çHkkoh <ax ls mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA orZeku bdkà esa] ge ;g Hkh crk,axs fd ekbØksl‚¶V ,Dlsy dk mi;ksx djds lkaf[;dh; fo'ys"k.k dSls fd;k tk ldrk gSA
ge fuEu mnkgj.k dk iz;ksx djrs gq, ekbØkslkW¶V ,Dlsy vkSj SPSS esa lkaf[;dh; fo'ys"k.k ij ppkZ djsaxs %
gekjs vk¡dMs 20 Hkkxhnkjksa dh संवेगात्मकबुि� rFkk laizkfIr laizsj.kk ds vad eku n'kkZ jgs gSaA Hkkxhnkjksa dks fyaxkuqlkj [iq:¼male½] efgyk¼female)]rFkk lkektkf;Zd Lrjksa [¼mPp¼high½] e/;e¼medium½ vkSj fuEu¼low½]esa Hkh oxhZÑr fd;k x;k gSA
Sr. No. Gender
Socio Economic Status
Emotional Intelligence
Achievement Motivation
1 Male Low 56 34
2 Female Medium 65 44
3 Male High 45 33
4 Female Medium 43 56
5 Female High 45 76
6 Female Low 65 78
,Dlsy 'khV vk¡dMs 'khV ysuk pkfg,A
vkb, vc esa Li"Vr% Data, Review, vyx :i
lkaf[;dh; Insert function ;gka ge lh[k jgs
laosxkRedcqf) izdkj
'khV esa ntZ fd, x,fp= 10-1 ds vk¡dMksa dks fp= 'khV esa ntZ djus ds ckn ml 'khV dks dksVZ mi;qDr pkfg,A
vc ekbØkslkW¶V ,Dlsy ds esuw ¼fp= 10-2½ dks /;ku Li"Vr% ;s esuw ns[k ldrs gSa % File, Home, Insert, Review, View vkSj HelpA ;s esuw ,Dlsy ds vyx&vyx :i esa Hkh gks ldrs gSaA fdUrq lkaf[;dksa dh x.kuk
lkaf[;dh; x.kuk djus ds fy, ge eq[;r% Formula esuw function gS tks gesa vko';d lkaf[;dh; rduhd ,Dlsy dk iz;ksx dj ;ksxQy] vkSlr] lglaca/k gSaA
laosxkRedcqf) rFkk laizkfIr laizsj.kk ds eku vadksa ds ;ksxQyksa izdkj dj ldrs gSa %
fp= 10-1 esa fn[kk;k x;k gSA mi;qDr uke nsdj ^lso* dj
/;ku ls ns[ksaA ge esuw ckj Page Layout, Formulas, vyx&vyx laLdj.kksa esa dqN fof/k leku izk;% jgsxhA
esuw dk iz;ksx djsaxsA blh esa rduhd pquus esa lgk;d gksxkA lglaca/k rFkk t ijh{k.k dh x.kuk
;ksxQyksa dh x.kuk ge bl
1½ lcls igys vki ,d dks"Bd fu;r fQj vki eq[; esuw esa tkdj Insert Function dk laokn ckWDl [kqy bafxr cVu ij fDyd dj ldrs function ds uhps fofHkUu izdkj ;g Hkh vki fp= 10-3 esa ns[k ldrs
2½ ge fp= 10-3 esa sum ij fDyd fp= 10-4 okyk Function Arguments
3½ fQj ge laosxkRedcqf) ds vad ekuksa nsaxs vkSj OK ij fDyd dj nsaxsA
4½ ,slk djrs gh laosxkRedcqf) eku nwljs pj] laizkfIr laizsj.kk ds vk ;ksxQy fp= 10-20 esa fn[kk, x,
;g Hkh /;ku nsa fd ;ksxQy dh x.kuk Sum ls Hkh gks ldrs gSA
fu;r djsa tgka vki viuk mÙkj n'kkZuk pkgsaxsA Insert function ij fDyd djsaxsA rqjUr Insert tk,xk ¼ns[ksa fp= 10-3½A ;gka vki rhj }kjk ldrs gSa ;k lkaf[;dh; pqu ldrs gSaA Select dh lkaf[;dh; Function n'kk,a tk jgs gSaA ldrs gSaA fDyd djds fQj OK ij fDyd djsaxsA fQj rks Arguments ckWDl [kqy tk,xkA ekuksa dks [khap dj Number 1 ds lkeus NksM+ A eku vadksa dk ;ksxQy fey tk,xkA ;gh dk;Z vk¡dMksa ds lkFk fd;k tk ldrk gSA nksuksa x, gSaA
x.kuk fp= 10-2 esa rhj }kjk n'kkZ, x, Auto-
Function Arguments
dsUnzh; izo`fÙk ds vU; ekidksa] vFkkZr izdkj fd;k tk ldrk gSA eq[; ckr ds ckn vkidks viuh okafNr lkaf[;dh; gSA tgka vki ifj.kke n'kkZuk pkgrs gSaa
ekud fopyu dh x.kuk ds fy, bl
1½ lcls igys og dks"Bd pqus tgka
2½ eq[; esuw ij Insert function tk,xk ¼fp= 10-9½A ;gka vkidks gSA fQj fp= 10-9 esa n'kkZ, rhj ;k fp= 10-2 ds rhj }kjk n'kkZ,
3½ tSls gh vki STDEVA ij fDyd ¼fp= 10-8½ [kqy tk,xkA
4½ laosxkRedcqf) dk ekud fopyu dj Value 1 ij ys tk,a vkSj OK
5½ ,slk djrs gh gesa laosxkRedcqf) tk,xkA ;gh fof/k nwljs pj laizkfIr bl izdkj vkadfyr ekud fopyu
Function Arguments vFkkZr ekf/;dk vkSj cgqyd dh x.kuk Hkh blh ;gh gS fd Insert Function ij fDyd djus lkaf[;dh; rduhd dks pquuk vkSj OK fDyd djuk gSaa ml dks"Bd dks igys pquuk ugha HkwysaA
izdkj dk;Z djsa %
ifj.kke fn[kkuk gSA pqusa rks Insert Function laokn ckWDl [kqy STDEVA ryk'k dj ml ij fDyd djuk rhj okys cVu ij fDyd djds Statistical pqus LFkku ij STDEVA ij fDyd dj nsaA fDyd djsaxs] Function Arguments laokn ckWDl
fopyu tkuus ds fy, bl pj ds vk¡dMksa dks [khap OK fDyd dj nsaA laosxkRedcqf) ds vad ekuksa dk ekud fopyu fey laizkfIr laizsj.kk ds fy, viukbZ tk ldrh gSA fopyu Hkh fp= 10-20 esa n'kkZ, x, gSaA
,Dlsy esa viukuh
1½ eq[; vkidks mnkgj.k laosxkRedcqf)
2½ vc geus js[kkfp=
3½ izkIr
4½ vki 'khV ckWDl gSaA
STDEVA Function Arguments
esa ge vklkuh ls js[kkfp= Hkh cuk ldrs gSaA gksxh %
eq[; esuw ckj esa Insert ij tkjd okafNr Chart dks vkidks vius vk¡dMs fp= 10-10 ds vuqlkj mi;qDr mnkgj.k esa geus mPp] e/;e vkSj fuEu lkektkfFkZd laosxkRedcqf) ds vkSlr eku vkadfyr dj gh fy, js[kkfp= ds fy, vk¡dMs pqusa vkSj vius okafNr js[kkfp= geus ;gka 2 D Bar Column pquk gSA vki viuh t:jr js[kkfp= pqu ldrs gSa ¼fp= 10-11½A izkIr gqvk js[kkfp= gekjs fp= 10-2 esa vafdr gks x;k js[kkfp= dks eupkgk Lo:i ns ldrs gSaA tc 'khV esa nkfgus vkSj ns[krs gSa rks ogka vkidks Format ckWDl fey tk,xk ftldh lgk;rk ls vki js[kkfp=
Arguments
gSaA blds fy, ;g izfØ;k
dks pqusA ;gka /;ku jgs fd mi;qDr :i esa latksus gksaxsA gekjs lkektkfFkZd ifjos'k ds Hkkxhnkjksa ds gS ¼ns[ksa fp= 10-10½A js[kkfp= ij fDyd dj nsaA t:jr ds fglkc ls dksbZ Hkh
x;k gSA vki ¼fp= 10-13½ ,Dlsy Format Chart Area laokn js[kkfp= esa jax vkfn cny ldrs
vkb, vc laosxkRedcqf) nksuksa pj x.kuk dj
1½ lcls
2½ eq[; fp= fDyd gSA
3½ mi;qZDr laokn laosxkRedcqf) Array
4½ bl 10-
Format Chart Area
Pearson
vc lglaca/k xq.kd dh x.kuk Hkh le> ysaA laosxkRedcqf) rFkk laizkfIr laizsj.kk ds chp lglaca/k dk lrr gSa vkSj ge buds chp ih;jlu ds vk?kw.kZ dj jgs gSaA bl dk;Z ds fy, ;s dne mBk, tk,axs
lcls igys ifj.kke dks"Bd pqu ysaA eq[; esuw esa Insert Function ij tkdj Insert function fp= 10-14½ [kksy ysaA ;gka vkidks Statistical uhps ih;jlu fDyd djuk gSA bls fp= 10-14 esa fn[kk, x, rhj
mi;qZDr dk;Z djus ij vkidks fp= 10-15 okyk laokn ckWDl izkIr gksxkA vc nks pjksa ls lglaca/k vkadfyr laosxkRedcqf) ds vadeku [khap dj Array 1 rFkk Array 2 ¼ns[ksa fp= 10-15½ ds uhps ys tkrs gS vkSj OK izdkj gesa iwoZ p;fur dks"Bd esa lglaca/k xq.kd 20½A vc ge vius ifj.kkeksa dh O;k[;k dj ldrs
Area
ysaA gekjs mnkjg.k esa ge vkdyu dj ldrs gSaA ;s vk?kw.kZ xq.ku lglaca/k xqa.kd dh tk,axs %
function laokn ckWDl ¼ns[ksa ih;jlu [kkst dj ml ij rhj }kjk Hkh pquk tk ldrk
okyk Function Arguments vkadfyr djus ds fy, ge laizkfIr laizsj.kk ds vk¡dMs OK ij fDyd dj nsrs gSaA xq.kd fey tk,xk ¼ns[ksa fp= ldrs gSaA
t
vkb, vc t ijh{k.k dh x.kuk lh[ksaA
1½ lcls igys rks gesa vius mnkgj.k la;ksftr djuk iM+sxkA ;gka geus igyh nl iafDr;ka efgykvksa ds nksuksa 'ks"k 10 esa iq:"kksa ds vadeku fn[kk, fp= 10-18 dh Hkkafr vadekuksa dks tkuk vklku gks tk,A
Function Arguments
mnkgj.k ds vk¡dMksa dks fp= 10-16 dh Hkkafr iqu% geus vk¡dMksa dks fyaxkuqlkj NkaV fy;k gSA vc nksuksa pjksa ij izkIr vadeku fn[kk jgh gSa vkSj fn[kk, x, gSaA ;g blfy, fd;k x;k gS fd dks Array 1 rFkk Array 2 ds uhps [khapdj ys
t
t FunctionFunction Arguments
t
t
1½ ekbØkslkW¶V ,Dlsy esa D;k&D;k esuw gksrs gSa\
Sr. No. Gender
Socio Economic Status
Emotional Intelligence
Achievement Motivation 1 Male Low 56 34 2 Female Medium 65 44 3 Male High 45 33 4 Female Medium 43 56 5 Female High 45 76 6 Female Low 65 78 7 Male High 55 65 8 Male Medium 45 67 9 Male Low 56 65 10 Female Medium 43 67 11 Female Low 45 65 12 Male High 67 56 13 Male High 65 55 14 Male High 76 55 15 Male Medium 56 55 16 Female Medium 77 44 17 Female Low 65 33 18 Female Low 45 44 19 Male Medium 34 55 20 Female High 23 66 Total 1071 1113 Mean 53.55 55. Standard Deviation
13. 257211
13. 463 Correlation -0. t value 0.378103 For GenderGender
2½ vc (File>open>Data)
3½ Data tk,xkA gksxkA
4½ ,slk vki 10-
SPSS ds eq[; esuw dh Qkby ij tk,aA igys (File>open>Data) ij fDyd djsaA Data ij fDyd djrs gh fp= 10-22 tSlk Open tk,xkA ;gka vkidks rhj }kjk fn[kk, x, File of gksxkA vki ,Dlsy ¼fp= 10-22 esa o`Ùkkafdr½ dks pqu
Open Data djus ij Open Data laokn ckWDl esa dsoy vius vk¡dMksa okyh Qkby ¼ Book 1.xlxs ½ pqu 23 esa fd;k x;k gS vkSj fQj Open cVu ¼o`Ùkkafdr
vksiu ij vkSj fQj Data
Open Data laokn ckWDl [kqy of type ij fDyd djuk ysaA
dsoy ,Dlsy ds vk¡dMs cpsaxsA pqu ldrs gS] tSlk fd fp= kkafdr½ ij fDyd dj nsaA
Open Data
5½ vkids Open ij fDyd djus ij Read Excel File laokn ckWDl [kqy tk,xk ¼fp= 10-24½A ;gka vkidks vko';d fooj.k Hkjuk gksxk vFkkZr~ iwjs ,Dlsy nLrkost dh og 'khV ftlesa vkids vk¡dMs gSa crkuh gksxh ¼,slk djuk ogka t:jh gksrk gS tgka ,d ls vf/kd 'khV gksaA ge vius mnkgj.k esa Sheet & dks [kksydj ¼fp= 10-24½ OK ij fDyd dj nsaxsA
Read Excel File
6½ vc vkids vk¡dMksa okyh ,Dlsy Qkby SPSS esa [kqy tk,xh ¼ns[ksa fp- 10- 25½A fdUrq tSlk fd Data Entry vkSj Coding ij miHkkx esa Li"V gksxk] ;s vk¡dMs vHkh fo'ys"k.k ds fy, mi;qDr ugha gSaA
SPSS Pull-Down
Edit Mainly includes functions like Undo, Redo, Cut, Copy and Paste. It also has two main functions
- Go to case: With the help of this the researcher can directly identify certain case in the data.
- Go to Variable The researcher can go to a particular variable directly.
View View will help you to manage the way you can VIEW the status bar, Toolbars, menu editors and so on. It also includes functions like Fonts, Grid lines, Value Labels and Variables view.
Data Includes^ functions^ Define^ Variable^ Properties,^ Set Measurement level for Unknown, Copy data Properties, Define date and time. Define Multiple response sets, Validation, Identify Duplicate cases, Identify Unusual Cases, Compare data sets, Sort Cases, Sort Variables, Transpose, Adjust string widths across files, Merge Files, Restructure, Rake weights, Propensity score matching, Case control matching, Aggregate, Orthogonal Design, Split into File, Copy database, Split files Select Cases and Weight Cases that can be used as and when required.
Transform Includes Compute variables, Probability transformation, Count values within cases, Shift values, Recode in to same variables, recode in to different variable, Automatic Recode, Create dummy variables, Visual binning, Optimal binning, Prepare data for modelling, Rank cases, date and Time Wizard , Create Time Series, Replace Missing Values, random Number generations and Run pending Transforms
Analyze Includes Reports,^ Descriptive Statistics, Bayesian statistics, Tables, Compare Means, General Linear Model, Generalised Linear Model, Mixed model, Correlate, Regression, Loglinear, Neural networks Classify, Dimension reduction, Scale, Non- parametric tests, Forecasting, Survival, Multiple Response, Missing Value Analysis, Multiple imputation, Complex samples, Simulation, Quality control,ROC curve, Spatial and temporal modelling and Direct marketing.
Graphs Includes Chart builder, Graphboard template chooser, Weibul plot, Compare subgroups and legacy dialogs.
SPSS Pull-Down
Utilities Includes^ Variables,^ OMS^ control^ panel,^ OMS^ identifiers, Scoring wizard, Merge Model XML, Calculate with PIVOT table, Data file comments, Define variable macro, Define variable Sets, Censor table , Use variable sets, rShow all variables, Create text output, Spelling, process data files, Run script, production facility, Map conversion utility.
Extensions Includes,^ Extension^ hubs,^ Install^ local^ extension^ bundle, Custom dialogue builder for extensions and Utilities
Window Includes Minimise All Windows, Go to designated viewer window, Go to designated syntax window, Reset dialogue sizes and positions. It will also displays the name of the sheet being used presently by the researcher and the output dialogue box of the same.
Help Includes Topics, SPSS support, SPSS forum, Documentation in PDF format, Command syntax reference, Compatibility report tool, About, Diagnostic tool, IBM SPSS Predictive Analysis Community.
/;ku jgs SPSS ds laLdj.kksa ds vuqlkj ;s esuw ckj dqN fHkUu gks ldrh gSaA bUgsa View Menu esa tkdj vius okafNr Lo:i esa ifjofrZr Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gSA
SPSS Data View, Variable View Output View
SPSS esa rhu izdkj ds n`';kdu ;k Views gksrs gSaA ;s gSa Data View, Variable View vkSj Output View A vkb, bu ij ckjh&ckjh ls dqN ppkZ djsaA
Data View: fp= 10-27 esa SPSS dk Data View n'kkZ;k x;k gSA ;gk¡ ntZ fd, x, vkadM+sa fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA ;gka ¼fp= 10-27½ esa ,Dlsy 'khV tSlh gh fn[kkbZ ns jgh gSA LraHkksa ,oa iafDr;ksa ds izfrPNsnu ls dks"Bd cu jgsa gSaA vk¡dMksa fo"k;d tkudkfj;ka bu dks"Bdksa esa Vkbi dh tkrh gSA igyk Lrae Øekadksa dk gS] bUgsa dsl la[;k Hkh dgrs gSaA igyh iafDr esa Var fy[ks gksrs gSaA vr% izR;sd iafDr esa ,d ,d Hkkxhnkj laca/kh tkudkfj;ka ntZ jgrh gSaA ;|fi Øekad igys LraHk esa fn[kkbZ ns jgs gSa fdUrq fQj Hkh 'kks/kdrkZ dks lq>k;k tk jgk gS fd nwljs LraHk esa vyx ls izfrHkkfx;ksa dks iFkd&iFkd Øekad iznku djuk vf/kd vPNk jgsxkA
Variable View: fp= 10-28 esa Variable View fn[kk;k x;k gSA vki SPSS LizsM'khV ds ck;sa dksus esa vafdr Variable View ij fDyd djds Data View ls lh/ks gh ;gka igqap ldrs gSa ¼;s fp= 10-27 vkSj 10-28 esa o`r }kjk bafxr gSA ;gka Hkh iafDr;ksa vkSj LraHkksa ds izfrPNsnu ls dks"Bd cu jgs gSaA fdUrq /;ku nsa fd Data View dh Hkkafr gh ;gka igys LraHk esa Øekad gh gSa ijUrq ;gka iafDr;ksa ds 'kh"kZd Data View ls fHkUu gSaA ;gka igyh iafDr esa vkidks Name, Type, Width, Decimals, Label, Values, Missing, Columns, Align measure and role fy[ks fn[kkbZ nsaxsA vr% izR;sd LraHk esa fofHkUu pjksa ds ;s xq.k /keZ vafdr gksrs gSaA
